Society came from the French word “__________” which means companionship

French philosopher that dubbed as “ the first philosopher of science”

“Father of Sociology”

Society is a framework that sees society as a complex system of puzzle pieces and those pieces work together to promote solidarity and stability

- Society is in a state of perpetual conflict because of competition for limited resources

- Social order is maintained by domination and power

- Defined as the norm and social behaviour found and practiced in human societies

- Encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitude, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and roles that a person learns and shares as a member of the society

- Refers to an organization of phenomena that is dependent upon symbolsand includes acts ( patterns of behavior), objects ( material things), ideas ( beliefs and knowledge), and sentiments ( attitudes and values )

Person adopts the cultural patterns he or she lives in ; teaches the person what is accepted within that society and lifestyle

- Cultural heritage is socially transmitted from one generation to another

- lifelong process of learning and relearning as people move from different stages of growth and development, or from one social group to another

Cultural elements are learned rather than acquired through inheritance or through any biological processes

- Human behavior ( culture) is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: Genetic and Cultural Evolution

Culture = “static property of individuals “

Culture DOES NOT require language and other forms of communication

- key factor to success of the human race in creating and preserving culture

- without it, the ability to convey traditions or ideas is impossible to be done

Culture being practiced within a broader variety of a culture, but practicing its own separate values, practices, traditions, and beliefs

- Actual behavior patterns exhibited by members of the society

- Cultural guidelines publicly embraced by members of the society

- Also defined as the social patterns mandated by norms and values

- Society’s standards of acceptable behavior

- Essential in a society because majority of the people pattern their way of living after them

- Norms that are known to be the proper way of dealing with their everyday living and social interaction

- These are customs or folkways that needs to be followed by the society strictly

- Formalized mores that are legislated, approved and implemented in a society

- Means of the people on explaining the sense of their experiences or ideas that they hold to be true, factual, and real

- Representations or illustrations to represent a particular belief or meaning of something

- “Marker of goodness”

- symbolizing sun, prosperity and good luck

- Individuals utilize to communicate, interact, and share their views or beliefs, thus making an understanding amongst individuals

- Consists of a group of people who have come together for a common goal or a purpose

These are all social institutions EXCEPT:

- Belief of a certain society that their culture is much more superior than the other ones

- term was coined by Ludwig Gumplowicz

- Belief that the Chinese culture is much more superior than others

“Middle kingdom”

- Belief that the products or the culture of one is inferior to the other one

> Colloquially known as “Colonial mentality”

- Idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that the person’s own cultures, rather than be based against the criteria of another

- attempting to understand one’s culture

These are the 2 most popular type of Ethnocentrism EXCEPT:

- First Afro-American Rhodes scholar in 1897

- coined the term “ Cultural Relativism “

- “Human universals”

- Element, pattern, or trait that is common to all cultures worldwide

- examples: Shelter, art, proverbs/ sayings and personal names

- Experience a person which may have one moves to a cultural environment which he or she is not familiar with

Example: Immigrating or Migrating in other places

- Different cultures approach each other as a result of travel and communication

- Eliminates the cultural differences that makes a or a group of person unique

These are aspects of culture EXCEPT:

These are aspects of culture EXCEPT: