Classical conditioning is strengthened or reinforced when the ____ follows the ____ .

Positive reinforcers increase the rate of responding and negative reinforcers decrease it.

Negative reinforcement and punishment are essentially opposites; one increases behavior and the other decreases it.

Trained Lil' Albert to fear white rats.

Taught cats to pull string in a box to open door to get fish.

Tested the effects of latent learning on rats in a maze.

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of:

Yvette, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces her level of stress. Yvette's running habit is maintained by a ________ reinforcer.

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. Although at one time her mother granted every request, she now does so less consistently. Research suggests that Della will:

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal. Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a:

On the first day of class Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester. Clearly, studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Which schedule of reinforcement best fits the following scenario?

You are reading a really boring assignment for another class. To motivate yourself to keep going, you promise yourself a piece of chocolate for every ten pages you read.

Jack finally takes out the garbage in order to get his father to stop pestering him. Jack's behavior is being influenced by

Last evening May-ling ate her first cheeseburger and french fries at an American fast-food restaurant. A few hours later she became ill. It can be expected that

Learning is best defined as

Carly used to feel nausea when going to McDonald's because she associated the food with illness. After a few good meals there, she no longer feels the nausea. Which principle applies?

Parents who say “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry” are using

Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Which best fits this scenario?