the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or gender.

documents which served as a general search warrant, allowing customs officials to enter any ship or building that they suspected for any reason might hold smuggled goods.

reasonable grounds for making a search or pressing a charge

a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

a court order demanding that a public official deliver an imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid reason for that person's detention.

an item of legislation that inflicts attainder without judicial process.

a law that changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.

a jury, typically of twenty-three people, selected to examine the validity of an accusation before trial.

a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime.

a formal presentation of information to a court, especially by a sworn jury regarding an offense or other matter.

facts provided or learned about something or someone.

a procedural defense that prevents an accused person from being tried again on the same charges following a valid acquittal or conviction.

a trial by judge, as opposed to a trial by jury.

requires that suspects be informed of their Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights prior to interrogation if their statements are to be used against them in court.

the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money be lodged to guarantee their appearance in court.

the imprisonment of a person with the aim of preventing them from committing further offenses or of maintaining public order.

the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime.

the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government.

an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.