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Earth Science Mid-Year Review

Total questions: 53

Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which agent of erosion most likely formed the drumlins and finger lakes in New York State?
a)
running water
b)
moving ice
c)
wave action
d)
mass movement
2.
The inferred temperature and pressure of Earth’s interior at a depth of 3,000 kilometers are approximately
a)
1000°C and 0.5 million atmospheres
b)
1000°C and 1.0 million atmospheres
c)
5000°C and 1.5 million atmospheres
d)
5000°C and 3.0 million atmospheres
3.
Which element, found in both biotite mica and muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by volume of Earth’s crust?
a)
nitrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
potassium
d)
silicon
4.
What caused the interior of Earth to separate into layers?
a)
a decrease in the rate of rotation of Earth
b)
the gravitational pull on materials of varying densities
c)
variations in heating by the Sun due to Earth’s tilt
d)
collisions with meteors and comets
5.
Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene?
a)
graphite
b)
olivine
c)
calcite
d)
dolomite
6.
An earthquake occurs at 12:02 p.m. A seismic station records the first S-wave at 12:19 p.m. Which set of data shows the approximate arrival time of the first P-wave and the distance to the epicenter?
a)
12:11:25 p.m. and 4000 km
b)
12:19:40 p.m. and 4000 km
c)
12:11:25 p.m. and 6000 km
d)
12:19:40 p.m. and 6000 km
7.
The basaltic bedrock of the oceanic crust is classified as
a)
felsic, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3
b)
felsic, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3
c)
mafic, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3
d)
mafic, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3
8.
Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Extrusive
9.
Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Organic
d)
Metamorphic
10.
Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Compaction
d)
Weathering
11.
What is the MAIN way rocks are classified?
a)
Their color and shapes
b)
How they form
c)
Mineral bands
d)
Where they form
12.
True/False: Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
13.
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
14.
This rock started as molten magma. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
15.
This rock is made from tiny pieces of other rocks that settled to the bottom of a valley millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
16.
Each rock type can follow only one pathway of the rock cycle.
a)
True
b)
False
17.

The diagram represents a model of Earth’s surface and internal structure. Letters A, B, C, and D represent four different layers. Some depths below Earth’s surface are shown. Which Earth layer is inferred to be composed of solid nickel and iron?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

18.
Scientists have classified Earth’s interior into the known layers based primarily on evidence gained by studying
a)
deep drill cores
b)
volcanic eruptions
c)
gravity measurements
d)
earthquake seismic waves
19.
According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, as the depth within the Earth's interior increases, the
a)
density, temperature, and pressure increase
b)
density, temperature, and pressure decrease
c)
density and temperature increase, but pressure decreases
d)
density increases, but temperature and pressure decrease
20.
According to the plate tectonics theory, the Peru-Chile Trench and the Andes Mountains formed along the west coast of South American because the South American Plate
a)
collided with the Nazca Plate
b)
collided with the North American Plate
c)
slid away from the Nazca Plate
d)
slid away from the North American Plate
21.
When two tectonic plates collide, oceanic crust usually subducts beneath continental crust because oceanic crust is primarliy composed of igneous rock that has
a)
low density and is mafic
b)
low density and is felsic
c)
high density and is mafic
d)
high density and is felsic
22.
The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by
a)
tidal motions in the hydrosphere
b)
density differences in the troposphere
c)
convection currents in the asthenosphere
d)
solidification in the lithosphere
23.
A seismic station is located 8000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake. How long did it take the first P-wave to travel from the epicenter to the seismic station?
a)
9 minutes 20 seconds
b)
11 minutes 20 seconds
c)
20 minutes 40 seconds
d)
4 minutes 20 seconds
24.
Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves?
a)
P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.
b)
P-waves travel faster than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.
c)
P-waves travel slower than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.
d)
P-waves travel slower than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.
25.
The P-wave generated by an earthquake took 2 minutes and 40 seconds to reach one of the seismic stations. Approximately how long did the S-wave take to reach the same seismic station?
a)
1 minute 20 seconds
b)
2 minutes 40 seconds
c)
3 minutes 30 seconds
d)
4 minutes 50 seconds
26.
How many seismic stations must report seismogram information in order to locate an epicenter?
a)
One
b)
Two
c)
Three
d)
Four
27.

Earth’s internal heat is the primary source of energy that

a)

warms the lower troposphere

b)

melts glacial ice at lower altitudes

c)

moves the lithospheric plates

d)

pollutes deep groundwater with radioactivty

28.

In which layer of Earth’s interior is the inferred temperature 6,000º C?

a)

crust

b)

outer core

c)

inner core

d)

mantle

29.

Which event is an example of chemical weathering?

a)

rocks falling off the face of a steep cliff

b)

feldspar in granite being crushed into clay-sized particles

c)

water freezing in cracks in a roadside outcrop

d)

acid rain reacting with limestone bedrock

30.

Humus, which is formed by the decay of plant and animal matter, is important for the formation of most

a)

soils

b)

minerals

c)

delicious dip for pita chips

d)

surface bedrock

31.

A landscape region that has broad, U-shaped valleys with polished and grooved bedrock was most likely formed by

a)

running water

b)

glaciers

c)

wind

d)

wave action

32.

Which climactic conditions normally produce the greatest chemical weathering?

a)

cool and dry

b)

cool and wet

c)

warm and dry

d)

warm and wet

33.

The largest sediment particles that can be transported by a stream traveling at a velocity of 200 centimeters per second are

a)

silt

b)

cobbles

c)

pebbles

d)

sand

34.

The accompanying cross section illustrates the general sorting of sediment by a river as it flows from a mountain to a plain. Which factor most likely caused the sediment to be sorted in the pattern shown?

a)

velocity of the river water

b)

hardness of surface bedrock

c)

mineral composition of the sediment

d)

temperature of the water

35.

A sedimentary particle is dropped into a cylinder of water. The particle will take the longest time to settle if the particle has

a)

low density, small size, and spherical shape

b)

low density, small size, and flattened shape

c)

high density, large size, and spherical shape

d)

high density, large size, and flattened shape

36.

A sediment particle transported by a stream over a long period of time will most likely show

a)

a decrease in mass and number of angular edges

b)

a decrease in density and size

c)

an increase in weight and hardness

d)

an increase in volume and number of cleavage planes

37.

Which diagram represents a side view of a sand dune most commonly formed because of the prevailing wind direction shown?

a)
b)
c)
d)
38.

Which cross section best represents the valley shape where a rapidly flowing stream is cutting into the bedrock in a mountainous area?

a)
b)
c)
d)
39.

When two meanders meet, and the river is redirected, the resulting formation is called

a)

an oxbow lake

b)

a drumlin

c)

a delta

d)

an outwash plain

40.

What is the minimum water velocity necessary to maintain movement of 0.1-centimeter-diameter particles in a stream?

a)

0.02 cm/s

b)

5.0 cm/s

c)

0.5 cm/s

d)

20.0 cm/s

41.

A stream flowing at a velocity of 75 centimeters per second can transport

a)

clay, only

b)

pebbles, only

c)

pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, only

d)

boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay

42.

A decrease in a river’s velocity will most likely result in more

a)

erosion by the river

b)

deposition by the river

c)

large particles being carried by the river

d)

dissolved material being picked up by the river

43.
Which two features are commonly found at
divergent plate boundaries?
a)
mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys
b)
wide valleys and deltas
c)
ocean trenches and subduction zones
d)
hot spots and island arcs
44.
New York State bedrock of which age contains
salt, gypsum, and hematite?
a)
Cambrian
b)
Devonian
c)
Mississippian
d)
Silurian
45.
One difference between a breccia rock and a
conglomerate rock is that the particles in a breccia
rock are
a)
more aligned
b)
 more angular
c)
harder
d)
land derived
46.
Which 2 layers of the Earth form the lithosphere?
a)
Crust and Core
b)
Crust and lower mantle
c)
Crust and upper mantle
d)
Crust and middle mantle
47.
What 2 types of crust come together at a subduction zone?
a)
2 continental
b)
2 oceanic
c)
1 asthenosphere and 1 lithosphere
d)
1 continental and 1 oceanic
48.
The name of the area that is the upper level of the zone of saturation:
a)
Zone of Saturation
b)
Zone of Aeration
c)
Water Table
49.
What kind of rock is this?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
d)
granite
50.
Which sphere of Earth covers approximately 70%of Earth’s surface?
a)
atmosphere
b)
hydrosphere
c)
lithosphere
d)
asthenosphere
51.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
52.
The mantle of Earth is made partly of magma. When magma rises and sinks, this is called ______________. 
a)
a conduction current
b)
a hot spot
c)
a volcanic eruption
d)
a convection current
53.
Earth’s magnetic field has reversed itself several
times during the past. This pattern of magnetic
reversal is best preserved in
a)
metamorphic bedrock in mountain ranges
b)
bedrock with fossils containing radioactive
carbon-14
c)
layers of sedimentary bedrock of the Grand
Canyon
d)
igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust

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