WorksheetsDatabase
Total questions: 192
Worksheet time: 2hrs 36mins
is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages.
PL/SQL
SQL
SQL *PLUS
Standard Query Language
who developed PL/SQL
Oracle Corporation
Linux
MySQL
Microsoft
what year enhances the capabilities of SQL
1978
1980s
1990s
2001
One of the Three key programming languages embedded in the Oracle Database, along with SQL itself and Java
PL/SQL
Python
C#
Ruby
PL/SQL is a
programming language
robust language
strongly typed language
case sensitive language
What year Oracle Database developed PL/SQL?
late 1980s
before 1990s
late 1990s
late 1970s
In late 1980s as ____________ for SQL and the Oracle relational database.
procedural extension language
programming language
procedures extensible language
procedural extensive language
Notable Facts of PL/SQL
is a completely portable, high-performance transaction-processing language
provides a built-in, interpreted and OS independent programming environment.
directly be called from the command-line SQL*Plus interface.
is tightly integrated with SQL
It offers extensive error checking.
Notable Facts of PL/SQL
Direct call can also be made from external programming language calls to database
directly be called from the command-line SQL*Plus interface
provides a built-in, interpreted and OS independent programming environment
completely portable, high-performance transaction-processing language
tightly integrated with SQL
Notable Facts: completely portable, high-performance transaction-processing language
True
False
Notable Facts: provides a built-in, interpreted and OS independent programming environment
True
False
Notable Facts: directly be called from the command-line SQL*Plus interface
True
False
Notable Facts: extensive error checking
True
False
Notable Facts: tightly integrated with SQL
True
False
Notable Facts: numerous data types
True
False
Features of PL/SQL: structured programming through functions and procedures
True
False
Features of PL/SQL: object-oriented programming
True
False
Features of PL/SQL: the development of web applications and server pages
True
False
Features of PL/SQL.
tightly integrated with SQL
extensive error checking
numerous data types
variety of programming structures
made from external programming language calls to database
Features of PL/SQL: tightly integrated with SQL
True
False
Features of PL/SQL: extensive error checking
True
False
Features of PL/SQL: numerous data types
True
False
Features of PL/SQL: variety of programming structures
True
False
SQL is the ____________________________
standard database language
structure database language
procedures database language
procedural database language
PL/SQL is strongly integrated with SQL
True
False
PL/SQL supports both static and dynamic SQL
True
False
Dynamic SQL supports DML operations and transaction control from PL/SQL block
True
False
Static SQL supports DML operations and transaction control from PL/SQL block
True
False
Dynamic SQL, SQL allows embedding DDL statements in PL/SQL blocks
True
False
Static SQL, SQL allows embedding DDL statements in PL/SQL blocks
True
False
________ SQL supports DML operations and transaction control from PL/SQL block
Static
Dynamic
TCL
DDL
PL/SQL Advantages: PL/SQL allows sending an entire block of statements to the database at one time. This reduces network traffic and provides high performance for the applications
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: PL/SQL gives high productivity to programmers as it can query, transform, and update data in a database
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: PL/SQL saves time on design and debugging by strong features, such as exception handling, encapsulation, data hiding, and object-oriented data types
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: Applications written in PL/SQL are fully portable
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: PL/SQL provides high security level
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: PL/SQL provides access to predefined SQL packages
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: PL/SQL provides support for Object-Oriented Programming
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: PL/SQL provides support for developing Web Applications and Server Pages
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: It supports the development of web applications and server pages
True
False
PL/SQL Advantages: It supports object-oriented programming
True
False
block-structured language
this means that the PL/SQL programs are divided and written in logical blocks of code
This section starts with the keyword DECLARE. It is an optional section and defines all variables, cursors, subprograms, and other elements to be used in the program.
This section is enclosed between the keywords BEGIN and END and it is a mandatory section. It consists of the executable PL/SQL statements of the program. It should have at least one executable line of code, which may be just a NULL command to indicate that nothing should be executed.
This section starts with the keyword EXCEPTION. This optional section contains exception(s) that handle errors in the program.
this means that the PL/SQL programs are divided and written in logical blocks of code
block-structured
Declarations
Executable Commands
Exception Handling
This section starts with the keyword DECLARE. It is an optional section and defines all variables, cursors, subprograms, and other elements to be used in the program.
Declarations
Executable Commands
Exception Handling
This section is enclosed between the keywords BEGIN and END and it is a mandatory section. It consists of the executable PL/SQL statements of the program. It should have at least one executable line of code, which may be just a NULL command to indicate that nothing should be executed
Declarations
Executable Commands
Exception Handling
This section starts with the keyword EXCEPTION. This optional section contains exception(s) that handle errors in the program
Declarations
Executable Commands
Exception Handling
Optional section(s)
Declarations
Executable Commands
Exception Handling
line signals the end of the PL/SQL block
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
EXCEPTION
you may need to type ___ at the beginning of the first blank line after the last line of the code
/
;
:
//
Identifiers are: constants, variables, exceptions, procedures, cursors, and reserved words
True
False
Identifier consist of a letter
True
False
Identifier consists of letter optionally followed by more letters, numerals, dollar signs, underscores, and number signs and should not exceed 30 characters
True
False
Identifier consists of letter optionally followed by more letters, numerals, dollar signs, underscores, and number signs and should not exceed 30 characters
more letters
numerals
dollar signs
underscores
underline
Identifier should not exceed ___ characters
30
25
20
50
identifiers are not case-sensitive
True
False
identifiers are case-sensitive
True
False
you can use integer or _______ to represent a numeric value
INTEGER
INTERGER
Integer
InTeGer
You cannot use a reserved keyword as an identifier
True
False
A delimiter is a ______ with a special meaning
special
number
letter
capital letter
A _________ is a symbol with a special meaning
delimiter
number
letter
capital letter
Delimiter: +, -, *, /
Addition, subtraction/negation, multiplication, division
Attribute indicator
Character string delimiter
Component selector
Delimiter: %
Addition, subtraction/negation, multiplication, division
Attribute indicator
Character string delimiter
Component selector
Delimiter: '
Expression or list delimiter
Host variable indicator
Character string delimiter
Component selector
Delimiter: .
Expression or list delimiter
Host variable indicator
Item separator
Component selector
Delimiter: (,)
Expression or list delimiter
Host variable indicator
Item separator
Quoted identifier delimiter
Delimiter: :
Relational operator
Host variable indicator
Item separator
Quoted identifier delimiter
Delimiter: ,
Relational operator
Remote access indicator
Item separator
Quoted identifier delimiter
Delimiter: "
Relational operator
Remote access indicator
Statement terminator
Quoted identifier delimiter
Delimiter: =
Relational operator
Remote access indicator
Statement terminator
Assignment operator
Delimiter: @
Association operator
Remote access indicator
Statement terminator
Assignment operator
Delimiter: ;
Concatenation operator
Remote access indicator
Statement terminator
Assignment operator
Delimiter: :=
Concatenation operator
Remote access indicator
Statement terminator
Assignment operator
Delimiter: =>
Association operator
Remote access indicator
Statement terminator
Concatenation operator
Delimiter: ||
Multi-line comment delimiter (begin and end)
Concatenation operator
Exponentiation operator
Label delimiter (begin and end)
Delimiter: **
Multi-line comment delimiter (begin and end)
Single-line comment indicator
Exponentiation operator
Label delimiter (begin and end)
Delimiter: <<, >>
Multi-line comment delimiter (begin and end)
Single-line comment indicator
Range operator
Label delimiter (begin and end)
Delimiter: /*, */
Multi-line comment delimiter (begin and end)
Single-line comment indicator
Range operator
Relational operators
Delimiter: --
Different versions of NOT EQUAL
Single-line comment indicator
Range operator
Relational operators
Delimiter: ..
Different versions of NOT EQUAL
Single-line comment indicator
Range operator
Relational operators
Delimiter: <, >, <=, >=
Different versions of NOT EQUAL
Single-line comment indicator
Range operator
Relational operators
Delimiter: <>, '=, ~=, ^=
Different versions of NOT EQUAL
Single-line comment indicator
Range operator
Relational operators
Program ______ are explanatory statements that can be included in the PL/SQL code that you write and helps anyone reading its source code
Comments
Variables
Syntax
Keywords
All programming languages allow some form of comments.
True
False
All characters available _______ any comment are ignored by the PL/SQL compiler
inside
outside
at the begginning
at the end
The PL/SQL single-line comments start with the delimiter ________
--
++
==
||
multi-line comments are enclosed by _______
/* */
/** */
<!-- -->
//
A PL/SQL unit:
PL/SQL block
Function
Package
Package body
Structure
A PL/SQL unit:
Procedure
Language
Type
Type body
Trigger
The PL/SQL variables, constants and parameters must have a valid data type
True
False
Data Types: Scalar
Single values with no internal components, such as a NUMBER, DATE, or BOOLEAN.
Pointers to large objects that are stored separately from other data items, such as text, graphic images, video clips, and sound waveforms.
Data items that have internal components that can be accessed individually. For example, collections and records.
Pointers to other data items.
Data Types: Large Object (LOB)
Single values with no internal components, such as a NUMBER, DATE, or BOOLEAN.
Pointers to large objects that are stored separately from other data items, such as text, graphic images, video clips, and sound waveforms.
Data items that have internal components that can be accessed individually. For example, collections and records.
Pointers to other data items.
Data Types: Composite
Single values with no internal components, such as a NUMBER, DATE, or BOOLEAN.
Pointers to large objects that are stored separately from other data items, such as text, graphic images, video clips, and sound waveforms.
Data items that have internal components that can be accessed individually. For example, collections and records.
Pointers to other data items.
Data Types: Reference
Single values with no internal components, such as a NUMBER, DATE, or BOOLEAN.
Pointers to large objects that are stored separately from other data items, such as text, graphic images, video clips, and sound waveforms.
Data items that have internal components that can be accessed individually. For example, collections and records.
Pointers to other data items.
Scalar Data Types and Sub-types: Numeric
Numeric values on which arithmetic operations are performed
Alphanumeric values that represent single characters or strings of characters
Logical values on which logical operations are performed
Dates and times
Scalar Data Types and Sub-types: Character
Numeric values on which arithmetic operations are performed
Alphanumeric values that represent single characters or strings of characters
Logical values on which logical operations are performed
Dates and times
Scalar Data Types and Sub-types: Boolean
Numeric values on which arithmetic operations are performed
Alphanumeric values that represent single characters or strings of characters
Logical values on which logical operations are performed
Dates and times
Scalar Data Types and Sub-types: Datetime
Numeric values on which arithmetic operations are performed
Alphanumeric values that represent single characters or strings of characters
Logical values on which logical operations are performed
Dates and times
PL/SQL provides _________ of data types
subtypes
interger
boolean
numeric
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: PLS_INTEGER
Signed integer in range -2,147,483,648 through 2,147,483,647, represented in 32 bits
Single-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Double-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Fixed-point or floating-point number with absolute value in range 1E-130 to (but not including) 1.0E126. A NUMBER variable can also represent 0
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: BINARY_INTEGER
Signed integer in range -2,147,483,648 through 2,147,483,647, represented in 32 bits
Single-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Double-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Fixed-point or floating-point number with absolute value in range 1E-130 to (but not including) 1.0E126. A NUMBER variable can also represent 0
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: BINARY_FLOAT
ANSI specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Single-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Double-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Fixed-point or floating-point number with absolute value in range 1E-130 to (but not including) 1.0E126. A NUMBER variable can also represent 0
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: BINARY_DOUBLE
ANSI specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
IBM specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Double-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Fixed-point or floating-point number with absolute value in range 1E-130 to (but not including) 1.0E126. A NUMBER variable can also represent 0
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: NUMBER(prec, scale)
ANSI specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
IBM specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Double-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
Fixed-point or floating-point number with absolute value in range 1E-130 to (but not including) 1.0E126. A NUMBER variable can also represent 0
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: DEC(prec, scale)
ANSI specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
IBM specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: DECIMAL(prec, scale)
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
IBM specific fixed-point type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: NUMERIC(pre, secale)
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
ANSI specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: DOUBLE PRECISION
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
ANSI specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI and IBM specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: FLOAT
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
ANSI specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI and IBM specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating-point type with maximum precision of 63 binary digits (approximately 18 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: INT
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
ANSI specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI and IBM specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating-point type with maximum precision of 63 binary digits (approximately 18 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: INTEGER
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
ANSI specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI and IBM specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating-point type with maximum precision of 63 binary digits (approximately 18 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: SMALLINT
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
Floating type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI and IBM specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating-point type with maximum precision of 63 binary digits (approximately 18 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subtypes: REAL
ANSI and IBM specific floating-point type with maximum precision of 126 binary digits (approximately 38 decimal digits)
Floating type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
ANSI and IBM specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
Floating-point type with maximum precision of 63 binary digits (approximately 18 decimal digits)
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: CHAR
Fixed-length character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Fixed-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: VARCHAR2
Variable-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Fixed-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: RAW
Variable-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Fixed-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: NCHAR
Variable-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Fixed-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: NVARCHAR2
Variable-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Physical row identifier, the address of a row in an ordinary table
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: LONG
Universal row identifier (physical, logical, or foreign row identifier)
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Physical row identifier, the address of a row in an ordinary table
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: LONG RAW
Universal row identifier (physical, logical, or foreign row identifier)
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Physical row identifier, the address of a row in an ordinary table
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: ROWID
Universal row identifier (physical, logical, or foreign row identifier)
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Physical row identifier, the address of a row in an ordinary table
PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes: UROWID
Universal row identifier (physical, logical, or foreign row identifier)
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes
Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL
Physical row identifier, the address of a row in an ordinary table
The _____________ data type stores logical values that are used in logical operations
boolean
numeric
character
datetime
The logical values are the Boolean values TRUE and FALSE and the value NULL
True
False
The _________ datatype is used to store fixed-length datetimes
boolean
date
numeric
character
Valid dates range from _________ to ____________.
January 1, 4712 BC & December 31, 9999 AD
February 14, 3012 BC & December 30, 9999 AD
January 5, 4712 BC & December 29, 9999 AD
January 18, 4712 BC & December 18, 9999 AD
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: YEAR
-4712 to 9999
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 23
00 to 59
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: MONTH
Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 23
00 to 59
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: DAY
Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 23
00 to 59
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: HOUR
Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 23
00 to 59
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: MINUTE
Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 23
00 to 59
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: SECOND
00 to 59.9
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 59
-12 to 14
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: TIMEZONE_HOUR
00 to 59.9
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 59
-12 to 14
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: TIMEZONE_MINUTE
00 to 59.9
01 to 12
01 to 31
00 to 59
-12 to 14
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: TIMEZONE_REGION
00 to 59.9
01 to 12
Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
00 to 59
-12 to 14
PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types: TIMEZONE_ABBR
00 to 59.9
01 to 12
Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
00 to 59
-12 to 14
Large Object (LOB) data types refer to large data items such as _____ ,_____ , _____ , and _____
text
graphic images
video clips
sound waveforms
noise
__________ data types allow efficient, random, piecewise access to this data
Large Object (LOB)
Character
Numeric
Boolean
PL/SQL Large Object (LOB) Data Types: BFILE
Used to store large binary objects in operating system files outside the database.
Used to store large binary objects in the database.
Used to store large blocks of character data in the database.
PL/SQL Large Object (LOB) Data Types: BLOB
Used to store large binary objects in operating system files outside the database.
Used to store large binary objects in the database.
Used to store large blocks of character data in the database.
PL/SQL Large Object (LOB) Data Types: CLOB
Used to store large binary objects in operating system files outside the database.
Used to store large binary objects in the database.
Used to store large blocks of character data in the database.
PL/SQL variables must be declared in the declaration section or in a package as a global variable
True
False
PL/SQL variables must be declared in the ________ or in a package as a global variable
declaration section
executable commands
exception handling
you can do so during the declaration, using either of the:
DEFAULT keyword & assignment operator
%Type attribute & assignment operator
DEFAULT keyword & relational operator
indicator attribute & relational operator
You can also specify that a variable should not have a NULL value using the _______ constraint
NOT NULL
NUMERABLE
PRIMARY KEY
FOREIGN KEY
Variables declared in an inner block and not accessible to outer blocks
Local variables
Global variables
Variables declared in the outermost block or a package
Local variables
Global variables
You can use the __________ statement of SQL to assign values to PL/SQL variables
SELECT INTO
INSERT
UNION
FUNCTION
Adds two operands
+
-
*
/
**
Subtracts second operand from the first
+
-
*
/
**
Multiplies both operands
+
-
*
/
**
Divides numerator by de-numerator
+
-
*
/
**
Exponentiation operator, raises one operand to the power of other
+
-
*
/
**
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
=
!=
>
<
>=
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
!=
<>
~=
!()
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
=
<=
>
<
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
=
<=
>
<
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
=
<=
>
<
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
=
<=
>
<
>=
operator compares a character, string, or CLOB value to a pattern and returns TRUE if the value matches the pattern and FALSE if it does not.
LIKE
BETWEEN
IN
IS NULL
operator tests whether a value lies in a specified range
LIKE
BETWEEN
IN
IS NULL
operator tests set membership
LIKE
BETWEEN
IN
IS NULL
returns the BOOLEAN value
LIKE
BETWEEN
IN
IS NULL
If both the operands are true then condition becomes true.
AND
OR
NOT
If any of the two operands is true then condition becomes true.
AND
OR
NOT
If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make it false.
AND
OR
NOT
Operator __________ determines the grouping of terms in an expression
precedence
presedence
precedense
presidense
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE: First
exponentiation **
identity, negation +, -
multiplication, division *, /
addition, subtraction, concatenation +, -, ||
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE: Second
exponentiation **
identity, negation +, -
multiplication, division *, /
addition, subtraction, concatenation +, -, ||
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE: Third
exponentiation **
identity, negation +, -
multiplication, division *, /
addition, subtraction, concatenation +, -, ||
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE: Fourth
exponentiation **
identity, negation +, -
multiplication, division *, /
addition, subtraction, concatenation +, -, ||
COMPARISON PRECEDENCE: First
logical negation NOT
conjunction AND
inclusion OR
COMPARISON PRECEDENCE: Second
logical negation NOT
conjunction AND
inclusion OR
COMPARISON PRECEDENCE: Third
logical negation NOT
conjunction AND
inclusion OR
A _________ is a program unit/module that performs a particular task
subprogram
calling program
mainprogram
call program
These subprograms are combined to form larger programs. This is basically called the ___________
subprogram
calling program
mainprogram
Modular design
A subprogram can be invoked by another subprogram or program which is called the ____________
subprogram
calling program
mainprogram
Modular design
A subprogram can be created:
At the schema level
Inside a package
Inside a PL/SQL block
set of parameters
At the schema level, subprogram is a ____________
standalone subprogram
calling program
mainprogram
Modular design
A subprogram created inside a package is a _________
packaged subprogram
calling program
mainprogram
Modular design
These subprograms return a single value; mainly used to compute and return a value
Functions
Procedures
Parameters
Exception
These subprograms do not return a value directly; mainly used to perform an action.
Functions
Procedures
Parameters
Exception
parameter lets you pass a value to the subprogram
IN
OUT
IN OUT
It is a read-only parameter
IN
OUT
IN OUT
It is the default mode of parameter passing. Parameters are passed by reference
IN
OUT
IN OUT
The actual parameter must be variable and it is passed by value
IN
OUT
IN OUT
parameter returns a value to the calling program
IN
OUT
IN OUT
You can change its value and reference the value after assigning it
IN
OUT
IN OUT
parameter passes an initial value to a subprogram and returns an updated value to the caller
IN
OUT
IN OUT
It can be assigned a value and the value can be read
IN
OUT
IN OUT
Actual parameter is passed by value
IN
OUT
IN OUT
A _______ is same as a procedure except that it returns a value
function
index
parameter
view
A called function performs the defined task and when its return statement is executed or when the _________ is reached, it returns the program control back to the main program
last end statement
beginning statement
last letter of statement
last number of statement
