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Ecosystem Ecology - APES

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In the energy pyramid shown, which organism has the least amount of biomass?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
2.
 Which step of the nitrogen cycle does NOT involve bacteria?
a)
Nitrogen fixation 
b)
Denitrification 
c)
Nitrification 
d)
Assimilation
3.
Which species is the producer?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
4.

In this Food Web Pyramid, which type of consumer gets 10% of the energy stored in plants?

a)

Herbivore

b)

Carnivore

c)

Omnivore

d)

Top carnivore

5.
Humans impose the largest negative impact on the carbon cycle by ________________
a)
cultivating crops
b)
burning fossil fuels
c)
harnessing solar power
d)
mining
6.

Eutrophication in lakes results from

a)

Overfishing due to tragedy of the commons

b)

A decrease in temperatures

c)

An increase in carbon dioxide in the air

d)

An increase in nutrients in the lake

7.
Nitrogen becomes available to plants by all of the following processes EXCEPT
a)
ammonification 
b)
denitrification by denitrifiying bacteria
c)
nitrification by nitrifying bacteria
d)
nitrogen fixation in plant nodules
8.
Which of the following best explains why there are usually no more than five trophic levels in a food chain?
a)
there are not enough organisms to fill more than five levels
b)
there is too much competition among the organisms at the lower levels to support more animals at higher levels
c)
the statement is not true; there can be unlimited amount of trophic levels
d)
energy is lost at each trophic level
9.
Which would have the greatest biomass?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
10.
Organisms that live at or near deep ocean vents and derive energy from inorganic sulfur compounds are called: 
a)
autotrophs
b)
heterotrophs
c)
chemoautotrophs
d)
biotrophs
11.
The difference between “gross production” and “net production” in an ecosystem is that:  
a)
 gross production is the amount of newly acquired energy stored after some of the energy has been used
b)
gross production is the amount of newly acquired energy stored before any has been used
c)
net production is the amount of newly acquired energy stored before any has been used
12.
A forest has a GPP of 3.8 kg C/m2/year and the rate of cellular respiration is 2.4 kg C/m2/year. What is the NPP? 
a)
6.2 kg C/m2/year 
b)
1.4 kg C/m2/year
c)
9.12 kg C/m2/year 
d)
1.58 kg C/m2/year 
13.
At which stage of the hydrologic cycle are conditions most likely to contribute to the development of an algal bloom? 
a)
Evaporation
b)
Runoff
c)
Infiltration
d)
Transpiration
14.

What is the effect of deforestation on the carbon cycle?

a)

Increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere

b)

Decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere

c)

Increase in the amount of photosynthesis

d)

Deforestation has no impact on the carbon cycle

15.
Which element is the most abundant in the atmosphere? 
a)
Carbon
b)
Hydrogen
c)
oxygen
d)
Nitrogen
16.
Use the 10% rule and the pyramid 
How many kcal will become incorporated in the tissues of the tertiary consumers?
a)
5,000 kcal
b)
500 kcal
c)
50,000 kcal
d)
50 kcal
17.

Parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism are examples of _______.

a)

food chains

b)

food webs

c)

symbiosis

d)

trophic levels

18.

What do producers compete for?

a)

sunlight

b)

mates

c)

food

d)

prey

19.

What do consumers compete for?

a)

shelter

b)

mates

c)

food

d)

all of these

20.
If you are studying ALL the living and nonliving things you are studying the what?
a)
Organism
b)
Community
c)
Population
d)
Ecosystem
21.

Which pair of biogeochemical cycles are most associated with inorganic fertilizer and sewage waste?

a)

Carbon and Nitrogen cycles

b)

Carbon and Sulfur cycles

c)

Phosphorus and Nitrogen cycles

d)

Sulfur and Nitrogen cycles

e)

Sulfur and Water cycles

22.

A forest has a GPP of 10 kilograms C/m^2/year and the rate of cellular respiration is 4.5 kilograms C/m^2/year. What is the NPP?

a)

14.5 kg C/m^2/year

b)

5.5 kg C/m^2/year

c)

10 kg C/m^2/year

d)

4.5 kg C/m^2/year

e)

6.5 kg C/m^2/year

23.

Choose the correct sequence for energy flow within an ecosystem

a)

Herbivores --> producers --> carnivores --> scavengers

b)

Producers --> herbivores--> carnivores --> scavengers

c)

Producers --> carnivores --> herbivores--> carnivores

d)

Scavengers--> carnivores --> herbivores--> producers

24.
The diagram shows that carbon is transferred through the atmosphere. If an animal breathes out carbon dioxide, this is an example of:
a)
Respiration
b)
Combustion
c)
Photosynthesis
25.
What is produced (made) through cellular respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Glucose and carbon dioxide
c)
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (energy)
d)
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
26.
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
a)
Inputs: carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Outputs: glucose and water.
b)
Inputs: Glucose and oxygen.
Outputs: Water and carbon dioxide.
c)
Inputs: Glucose and carbon dioxide.
Outputs: water and oxygen.
d)
Inputs: water and carbon dioxide
Outputs: glucose and oxygen
27.
What percent of energy is transferred between trophic levels in an energy pyramid?
a)
10%
b)
50%
c)
100%
d)
25%
28.
Rabbits eat grass and other plants to survive, but they do not eat animals. What kind of animal are rabbits?
a)
Producer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Decomposer
29.

Nitrogen fixation is when...

a)

Nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia/ammonium

b)

Ammonia is converted to nitrates and nitrites

c)

Nitrates are converted to nitrogen gas

d)

Plants absorb ammonium and nitrate to create DNA

30.

Assimilation is when...

a)

Nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia/ammonium

b)

Ammonia is converted to nitrates and nitrites

c)

Nitrates are converted to nitrogen gas

d)

Plants absorb ammonium and nitrate to create DNA

31.

Denitrification is when...

a)

Nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia/ammonium

b)

Ammonia is converted to nitrates and nitrites

c)

Nitrates are converted to nitrogen gas

d)

Plants absorb ammonium and nitrate to create DNA

32.

Which of the following is a source of phosphorus?

a)

Erosion of rocks

b)

Respiration

c)

Forest fires

d)

Refining fossil fuels

33.

Which of the following is a carbon SINK?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Respiration

c)

Combustion

d)

Forest fires

34.

Which ecosystems have the highest diversity?

a)

Low levels of disturbance

b)

Intermediate levels of disturbance

c)

No disturbances

d)

High levels of disturbance

35.

Which value is always the largest?

a)

GPP

b)

NPP

c)

Respiration

d)

They're all the same.

36.

When a disturbance does not change the ecosystem's flow of energy and matter, the ecosystem has...

a)

High resistance

b)

Low resistance

c)

Low resilience

d)

Low biodiversity

37.
Most of the nutrients in a tropical rain forest are found in plants so, 
a)
the rain forest soil is very rich.
b)
there are few animals in the rain forest.
c)
the rainforest soil is poor in nutrients
d)
there are few plants in the rainforest.
38.
Has permafrost; in the Arctic or Antarctic
a)
alpine tundra
b)
savanna
c)
desert
d)
polar tundra
39.
The sun's rays are least direct
a)
near the poles
b)
near the equator
c)
at high altitudes
d)
far from the ocean
40.
Climates are classified according to two major factors:
a)
elevation and precipitation
b)
latitude and temperature
c)
elevation and latitude
d)
precipitation and temperature
41.

Which interaction would benefit both organisms in a relationship?

a)

Predation

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Competition

42.

An ecological niche is determined by

a)

where a species lives.

b)

all the populations of an ecosystem.

c)

what a species eats.

d)

the role a species has in an ecosystem.

43.

Coniferous (Or Boreal) forests are characterized by:

a)

Pine forests, quarterly seasons, permafrost, large mammals, and no reptiles.

b)

Pine forests, cold winters, spring water movement, large mammals,and no reptiles.

c)

Pine forests, summer temperatures above 110oC, few large mammals, and extremely diverse amphibian species.

d)

Grasslands, extremely diverse insects, few trees, and seasonal fires.

44.

In an ecosystem, productivity is BEST defined as...

a)

The rate at which herbivores convert producers into usable food.

b)

The rate at which primary consumers convert herbivores into usable food.

c)

The rate at which autotrophs convert energy into biomass.

d)

The rate at which apex predators control the numbers of prey items.

45.

The process of converting sun light energy into usable biomass is called ___________________.

a)

Cellular respiration

b)

Primary digestion

c)

The carbon cycle

d)

Photosynthesis

46.

The portion of a fundamental niche that is fully utilized by a species is a _______________.

a)

Vertical niche

b)

Realized niche

c)

Consumer niche

d)

Regulated niche

47.

A species that is non-native to an ecosystem and begins consuming resources is a(n) __________________ species.

a)

Transient species

b)

Intraspecific species

c)

Invasive species

d)

Keystone species

48.

The process of __________pulls water through the plants circulatory system and exiting the leaf stomata.

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Transpiration

c)

Mesophyll movement

d)

Cytoplasmic streaming

49.

Species A is found inside Species B feeding directly off of its liver. Species A is a _____________.

a)

Mutualistic species

b)

Parasitic species

c)

Commensil species

d)

Herbivore

50.

Species A works cooperatively with Species B so that both benefit and survive. Species A and B exhibit the behavior of _____________.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensilism

d)

Resource partitioning

51.

A species that has a wide-ranging influence over other species in a food web would be a _________________ species.

a)

Competitive

b)

Pioneer

c)

Invasive

d)

Keystone

52.

If two species occupy the same ecological niche, they are said to be

a)

in a mutualistic relationship

b)

in competition

c)

predator/prey

d)

in a parasitic relationship

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