A. bigoted B. perpetrate

C. relativism D. picturesquely

A. innocent B. peninsula

C. contents D. supermarket

A. language B. lyrical

C. evidence D. disadvantage

A. equivalent B. independent

C. university D. entertainment

Set in the red desert of central Australia is the mining town of Coober Pedy. At first sight, the town looks similar to many other such communities, but Coober Pedy is different. Sixty per cent of its population of some 4,000 people lives underground. There are today about 800 underground houses as well as shops, hotels and even churches in the town and the (1)______ hills.

Question 1: A. near B. surrounding

C. close D. enclosing

There are today about 800 underground houses as well as shops, hotels and even churches in the town and the (1)______ hills. Once a site has been chosen, special tunneling machines are (2)______ in to create passages and rooms in the sandstone.

Question 2: A. brought B. placed

C. entered D. worked

Once a site has been chosen, special tunneling machines are (2)______ in to create passages and rooms in the sandstone. Rock pillars are left to (3)______ the roof, and doors and windows are cut into the front.

Question 3: A. rise B. support

C. lift D. push

Houses are of all shapes and (4)______, the largest having twenty rooms, and some even have their own swimming pool.

Question 4: A. sizes B. areas

C. volumes D. numbers

Question 5: A. heavily B. sharply

C. extremely D. strongly

. However, inside the houses it remains a steady 25⁰C all year (6)______. Many people say that living underground makes them feel very secure.

Question 6: A. round B. wide

C. across D. along

There is no problem with noise from the neighbors and the houses are not (7)______By the fierce dust storms that regularly (8)______ through the area.

Question 7: A. influenced B. affected

C. spoiled D. disturbed

There is no problem with noise from the neighbors and the houses are not (7)______By the fierce dust storms that regularly (8)______ through the area.

Question 8: A. sweep B. pour

C. hurry D. flood

And of course, if your family (9)______ or lots of friends come to stay, you can (10)______ dig another room.

Question 9: A. explodes B. stretches

C. grows D. rises

And of course, if your family (9)______ or lots of friends come to stay, you can (10)______ dig another room.

Question 10: A. only B. regularly

C. ever D. always

Question III: Read the text below and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D). (2pts)

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climate conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings. There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the glasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe. This early horse was a hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three toes and a specialized cheek teeth for grazing. In Europe, the hipparion encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolved into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today. For many years, the horse was probably hunted for food by early tribes of human beings. Then the qualities of the horse that would have made it a good servant were noted – mainly its strength and speed. It was time for the horse to be tamed, used as a draft animal at the dawning of agriculture, and the ridden as the need for transportation increased. It was the descendant of this domesticated horse that was brought back to the Americas by European colonists.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The migration of horses

B. The modern-day pony

C. The evolution of the horse

D. The replacement of the anchitheres by the hipparion

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climate conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings. There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the glasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe. This early horse was a hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three toes and a specialized cheek teeth for grazing. In Europe, the hipparion encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolved into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today. For many years, the horse was probably hunted for food by early tribes of human beings. Then the qualities of the horse that would have made it a good servant were noted – mainly its strength and speed. It was time for the horse to be tamed, used as a draft animal at the dawning of agriculture, and the ridden as the need for transportation increased. It was the descendant of this domesticated horse that was brought back to the Americas by European colonists.

Question 2: According to the author, fossils are considered valuable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?

A. They suggest how the climate may have been

B They provide information about migration

C. They document the evolution of the horse

D. They maintain a record of life prior to the Miocene Age

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climate conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

Question 3. The word instigated in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by?

A. Explained B. Caused

C. Improved D. Influenced

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climate conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings. There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the glasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe. This early horse was a hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three toes and a specialized cheek teeth for grazing. In Europe, the hipparion encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolved into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today. For many years, the horse was probably hunted for food by early tribes of human beings. Then the qualities of the horse that would have made it a good servant were noted – mainly its strength and speed. It was time for the horse to be tamed, used as a draft animal at the dawning of agriculture, and the ridden as the need for transportation increased. It was the descendant of this domesticated horse that was brought back to the Americas by European colonists.

Question 4. What does the author mean by the statement “Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings”?

A. Horses appeared long before human beings according to the theories of geologists.

B. Both horses and human beings appeared several million years ago, if we believe geologists.

C. The geological records for the appearance of horses and human beings are not very accurate.

D. Horses and human beings cannot be compared by geologists because they appeared too long ago.

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climate conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings. There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the glasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe. This early horse was a hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three toes and a specialized cheek teeth for grazing. In Europe, the hipparion encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolved into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today. For many years, the horse was probably hunted for food by early tribes of human beings. Then the qualities of the horse that would have made it a good servant were noted – mainly its strength and speed. It was time for the horse to be tamed, used as a draft animal at the dawning of agriculture, and the ridden as the need for transportation increased. It was the descendant of this domesticated horse that was brought back to the Americas by European colonists.

5. Which of the following conclusions may be made on the basis of information in the passage?

A. The hipparions migrated to Europe to feed in developing grasslands.

B. There are no fossil remains of either the anchitheres or the hipparion.

C. There were horses in North America when the first European colonists arrived.

D. Very little is known about the evolution of the horse

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climate conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings. There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the glasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe. This early horse was a hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three toes and a specialized cheek teeth for grazing. In Europe, the hipparion encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolved into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today. For many years, the horse was probably hunted for food by early tribes of human beings. Then the qualities of the horse that would have made it a good servant were noted – mainly its strength and speed. It was time for the horse to be tamed, used as a draft animal at the dawning of agriculture, and the ridden as the need for transportation increased. It was the descendant of this domesticated horse that was brought back to the Americas by European colonists.

Question 6. According to this passage, the hipparions were ______.

A. five-toed animals

B. not as highly developed as the anchitheres

C. larger than the anchitheres

D. about the size of a small dog

. In Europe, the hipparion encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

Question 7. The word it in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A. anchitheres B. hipparion

C. Miocene period D. route

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates.

Question 8. The word extinct in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to?

A. familiar B. widespread

C. nonexistent D. tame

It was time for the horse to be tamed, used as a draft animal at the dawning of agriculture, and the ridden as the need for transportation increased. It was the descendant of this domesticated horse that was brought back to the Americas by European colonists.

Question 9. The word domesticated in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning ______.

A. tamed B. used

C. ridden D. indicated

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climate conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings. There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the glasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe. This early horse was a hipparion, about the size of a modern-day pony with three toes and a specialized cheek teeth for grazing. In Europe, the hipparion encountered another less advanced horse called the anchitheres, which had previously invaded Europe by the same route, probably during the Miocene Period. Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolved into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today. For many years, the horse was probably hunted for food by early tribes of human beings. Then the qualities of the horse that would have made it a good servant were noted – mainly its strength and speed. It was time for the horse to be tamed, used as a draft animal at the dawning of agriculture, and the ridden as the need for transportation increased. It was the descendant of this domesticated horse that was brought back to the Americas by European colonists.

Question 10. It can be concluded from this passage that the______.

A. Miocene Period was prior to the Pleistocene

B. Pleistocene Period was prior to the Miocene

C. Pleistocene Period was prior to the Pliocene

D. Plicence Period was prior to Miocene