Bad weather, cattle rustlers, Indians, and stampedes are all causes of what?

Last chief of the Comanche, mother's name was Cynthia, he led raids against Buffalo hunters.

Identify the invention in the image. This invention helped to close off the open range making cattle drives dangerous and contributing to the Open Range War.

What effect did barbed wire fences have on the closing of open land in the Texas frontier?

Which country brought cattle to Texas and the rest of the United States?

Select the best choice to fill in the missing Texas History Era in the timeline.

"Buffalo Soldiers" were African American soldiers who were given their nickname by who?

He was the first Native Governor of Texas, and he reformed the railroads.

What significant effect did the Red River War have on the Texas Panhandle?

What inventions changed West Texas after the Civil War and encouraged settlement in the west?

During which time span did cattle drives and wars with American Indians in Texas take place?

While windmills of the past assisted in early water production for agriculture, __________ is a water solution for delivering water to __________ today.

Which terms below complete the sentence above?

The herd was put in a circle, the cattle being a comfortable distance apart. When the drive was first started and the cattle were fresh, I used a double guard. That is, half the men guarded the first part of the night; the other half the latter part. In storms and stampedes we were all on duty. After the herd had been out fifteen days, it was “trail broke” and four men were sufficient to guard three thousand cattle. If we were out two or three months, the last month, two men on duty at a time were sufficient… The guards rode around the herd facing each other; in this way they passed each other twice as they went around. If a rattlesnake was heard in the guard line, the men hearing it informed their companion of its whereabouts and the next morning someone would go and kill it—rattlesnakes do not move at night. Cattle feared a rattlesnake and would give him a wide berth.

When the cattle are first started, the risk of stampedes is great. They are nervous and easily frightened; the slightest noise may startle them into running. Some cattle are stampeders by nature… A herd was more likely to run on a dark night than on a moonlight night. The remarkable thing about it was that the whole herd started instantly, jarring the earth like an earthquake….,

Taking it all in, my life on the trail was the happiest part of it. I wish I could find words to describe the companionship and loyalty of the men towards each other. It was beyond imagination… Bullies and tyrants were unknown among them. They kept their places around a herd under all circumstances; and if they had to fight they were always ready. Timid men were not known among them—the life did not fit them…. Fewer cowboys have been tried for crimes than any other class of men.

--Charles Goodnight, description of a trail drive as quoted in H.T. Burton’s “History of the J.A. Ranch,” in Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 1928

Which of the characteristics does that author say BEST describes a cattle driver?

Using the reading above, what did a cattle drive boss MOST fear?

Former Texas governor Set up the Texas Railroad Commission Protected citizens from unfair business practices

Who is described above?

Who made the least amount of changes to the environment?

What were windmills used for?

Effects of growth of railroads are...