causes vibrations in the ground that result from movement along Earth's lithosphere

location driectly above the focus of an earthquake

break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another

location where rocks first move along a fault and seismic waves originate

Earth's interior below the crust and above the core

where Earth's lithospheric plates move and interact with each other

P-wave, fastest moving type of seismic wave; causes particles in the ground to move in push-pull motion

S-wave, causes particles in the ground to move side to side and up and down at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels

travels as vibrations on and in the Earth

graphical illustration of seismic waves

scientist who studies earthquakes

measures and records ground motion and the distance and direction seismic waves travel

causes particles in the ground to move up and down, similar to ocean waves

small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich, basaltic lava

large, steep-sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lavas along convergent plate boundaries

to cause to disperse or disappear

volcano that is not associated with a plate boundary

molten rock that erupts onto Earth's surface

molten rock below Earth's surface

large volcano with gentle slopes of balsaltic lava; located along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots

liquid's ability to flow

tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass

vent in Earth's crust through which molten rock flows