The forest and peatland fires and smog, billed the worst in Indonesian history, still dominated media headlines this week, with thousand of hot spots covering Sumatra and Kalimantan. At least 19 people in Sumatra and Kalimantan have died, and mostly children, have been hospitalized because of severe respiratory illness cause by the haze. According to the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB), the ongoing haze crisis has resulted in more than 500,000 people in six provinces – Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and South Kalimantan – suffering from respiratory infections.

As evidence indicates that most hot spots are related to oil and palm and pulpwood plantations, President has instructed the Forestry and Environment Ministry to stop issuing new permits for peatland cultivation for monoculture, restore damage peatland and review all peatland licenses that have been issued. Put bluntly, companies can no longer convert active forests and deep peat or any peat area into monoculture plantations, such as acacia for pulp and oil palm plantations.

Recent research by forest scientists at the Bogor, West Java-based Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) found that peat swamps in their natural state are resistant to fire because they are wet underground, but they can be highly flammable when they dry out and are degraded.

What can we infer from the text?

The forest and peatland fires and smog, billed the worst in Indonesian history, still dominated media headlines this week, with thousand of hot spots covering Sumatra and Kalimantan. At least 19 people in Sumatra and Kalimantan have died, and mostly children, have been hospitalized because of severe respiratory illness cause by the haze. According to the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB), the ongoing haze crisis has resulted in more than 500,000 people in six provinces – Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and South Kalimantan – suffering from respiratory infections.

As evidence indicates that most hot spots are related to oil and palm and pulpwood plantations, President has instructed the Forestry and Environment Ministry to stop issuing new permits for peatland cultivation for monoculture, restore damage peatland and review all peatland licenses that have been issued. Put bluntly, companies can no longer convert active forests and deep peat or any peat area into monoculture plantations, such as acacia for pulp and oil palm plantations.

Recent research by forest scientists at the Bogor, West Java-based Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) found that peat swamps in their natural state are resistant to fire because they are wet underground, but they can be highly flammable when they dry out and are degraded.

Put bluntly, companies can no longer convert active forests.

The underlined word has similar meaning to …

This new and unusual building in the downtown business district offers unique opportunities for small to midsized tenants to occupy an entire floor.

OFFICE SUITES

From 1,600 to 6,000 square feet are available for immediate occupancy. Commuting is easy, with the subway stop only one block away. It’s convenient to shops, restaurants, hotels, and business services.

For leasing information call

303-572-5947.

What is this advertisement about?

This new and unusual building in the downtown business district offers unique opportunities for small to midsized tenants to occupy an entire floor.

OFFICE SUITES

From 1,600 to 6,000 square feet are available for immediate occupancy. Commuting is easy, with the subway stop only one block away. It’s convenient to shops, restaurants, hotels, and business services.

For leasing information call

303-572-5947.

The good point about the office suits is ....

The Red Bird of Paradise

An Indonesian endangered species, the Red Bird of Paradise is distributed to lowland rain forests of Waigeo and Batanta islands of West Papua. This species shares its home with another bird of paradise, the Wilson’s Bird of Paradise. Hybridization between these two species are expected but not recorded yet.

The Bird of Paradise, Paradisaea rubra, is large, up to 33 cm long, brown and yellow bird with a dark brown iris, grey legs and yellow bill. The male has an emerald green face, a pair of elongated black corkscrew shaped tail wires, dark green feather pompoms above each eye and a train of glossy crimson red plumes with whitish tips at either side of the breast.

The male measures up to 72 cm long, including the ornamental red plumes that require at least six years to fully attain. the female resembles the male but is smaller in size, with a dark brown face and has no ornamental red plumes. The diet consists mainly of fruits, berries, and arthropods.

We know from the text that ....

The Red Bird of Paradise

An Indonesian endangered species, the Red Bird of Paradise is distributed to lowland rain forests of Waigeo and Batanta islands of West Papua. This species shares its home with another bird of paradise, the Wilson’s Bird of Paradise. Hybridization between these two species are expected but not recorded yet.

The Bird of Paradise, Paradisaea rubra, is large, up to 33 cm long, brown and yellow bird with a dark brown iris, grey legs and yellow bill. The male has an emerald green face, a pair of elongated black corkscrew shaped tail wires, dark green feather pompoms above each eye and a train of glossy crimson red plumes with whitish tips at either side of the breast.

The male measures up to 72 cm long, including the ornamental red plumes that require at least six years to fully attain. the female resembles the male but is smaller in size, with a dark brown face and has no ornamental red plumes. The diet consists mainly of fruits, berries, and arthropods.

“...with a dark brown iris, grey legs and yellow bill ...” (paragraph 2) The underlined word is closest in meaning to...

WHY THE SKY IS HIGH

A long time ago, the sky was close to the earth. When you stood up and stretched your arms, you could touch it. One day, a farmer brought some coconuts for his wife. His wife wanted to drink the juice inside. She knocked on of the coconuts against a rock to break open the shell “That’s not the way to do it, “her husband said. “You should cut it open with a knife” He gave her his bolo or jungle-knife. His wife raised the knife to cut the coconut shell. “crack !”. As she lifted the knife about her head it split open the sky and there was heavy rain. The woman told the sky, “Will you please go a little higher? I can’t raise my knife high enough to cut this coconut shell” She raised the knife over her shoulder the second time. Once again, it hit the sky and there was thunder and lightening “You are still too low,” the woman said to the sky. “Please go higher.” She raised the bolo a third time. It still cracked the sky. There was a typhoon, and the woman’s house was almost blown away by the fierce wind. “What are you doing?” cried her husband, “Can’t you even try to open a coconut shell without causing a typhoon?” “It’s not me,” his wife answered. “It’s the sky which is too low”. I need more room to use the knife.” Finally, the woman became very angry. She looked up and shouted at sky. “You’d better do as I told. Otherwise I shall cut you to pieces.” The clouds rose and rose and the sky went up higher and higher. That’s why it is now so high.

Based on the text above, what made the woman get angry?

WHY THE SKY IS HIGH

A long time ago, the sky was close to the earth. When you stood up and stretched your arms, you could touch it. One day, a farmer brought some coconuts for his wife. His wife wanted to drink the juice inside. She knocked on of the coconuts against a rock to break open the shell “That’s not the way to do it, “her husband said. “You should cut it open with a knife” He gave her his bolo or jungle-knife. His wife raised the knife to cut the coconut shell. “crack !”. As she lifted the knife about her head it split open the sky and there was heavy rain. The woman told the sky, “Will you please go a little higher? I can’t raise my knife high enough to cut this coconut shell” She raised the knife over her shoulder the second time. Once again, it hit the sky and there was thunder and lightening “You are still too low,” the woman said to the sky. “Please go higher.” She raised the bolo a third time. It still cracked the sky. There was a typhoon, and the woman’s house was almost blown away by the fierce wind. “What are you doing?” cried her husband, “Can’t you even try to open a coconut shell without causing a typhoon?” “It’s not me,” his wife answered. “It’s the sky which is too low”. I need more room to use the knife.” Finally, the woman became very angry. She looked up and shouted at sky. “You’d better do as I told. Otherwise I shall cut you to pieces.” The clouds rose and rose and the sky went up higher and higher. That’s why it is now so high.

Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the text?

WHY THE SKY IS HIGH

A long time ago, the sky was close to the earth. When you stood up and stretched your arms, you could touch it. One day, a farmer brought some coconuts for his wife. His wife wanted to drink the juice inside. She knocked on of the coconuts against a rock to break open the shell “That’s not the way to do it, “her husband said. “You should cut it open with a knife” He gave her his bolo or jungle-knife. His wife raised the knife to cut the coconut shell. “crack !”. As she lifted the knife about her head it split open the sky and there was heavy rain. The woman told the sky, “Will you please go a little higher? I can’t raise my knife high enough to cut this coconut shell” She raised the knife over her shoulder the second time. Once again, it hit the sky and there was thunder and lightening “You are still too low,” the woman said to the sky. “Please go higher.” She raised the bolo a third time. It still cracked the sky. There was a typhoon, and the woman’s house was almost blown away by the fierce wind. “What are you doing?” cried her husband, “Can’t you even try to open a coconut shell without causing a typhoon?” “It’s not me,” his wife answered. “It’s the sky which is too low”. I need more room to use the knife.” Finally, the woman became very angry. She looked up and shouted at sky. “You’d better do as I told. Otherwise I shall cut you to pieces.” The clouds rose and rose and the sky went up higher and higher. That’s why it is now so high.

“She knocked one of the coconuts against a rock to break open the shell” (paragraph 2).

The underlined word can be replaced by__ .

The following text is for questions 50 to 52. Ronny Gani, born in Jakarta on 16th March 1983,is a young and talented Indonesian animator. As professional animator, he has worked for several animation companies and has participated in the making of famous animations such as The Avengers, Pacific Rim and Transformers: Age of Extinction. The man with spectacles and thin moustache graduated from University of Indonesia. He studied Architecture, but his interest in making 3D animations is very strong. While studying Architecture at campus, he spent his spare time learning 3D software and animation. He learned 3D animations from books, seminars, etc. Being a world class animator is Ronny's dream. Due to his perseverance and hard work, Ronny reaches his success. He eventually became an employee at Lucas film Singapore's Industrial Light & Magic Studio, and Transformers: Age of Extinction is a commendable one for a person who is self-taught. He is aware of his potency and explores it. Ronny Gani intends to improve Indonesian animators' skills, so he holds an online course, named Bengkel Animasi.

How did Ronny Gani learn 3D animations?

The following text is for questions 50 to 52. Ronny Gani, born in Jakarta on 16th March 1983,is a young and talented Indonesian animator. As professional animator, he has worked for several animation companies and has participated in the making of famous animations such as The Avengers, Pacific Rim and Transformers: Age of Extinction. The man with spectacles and thin moustache graduated from University of Indonesia. He studied Architecture, but his interest in making 3D animations is very strong. While studying Architecture at campus, he spent his spare time learning 3D software and animation. He learned 3D animations from books, seminars, etc. Being a world class animator is Ronny's dream. Due to his perseverance and hard work, Ronny reaches his success. He eventually became an employee at Lucas film Singapore's Industrial Light & Magic Studio, and Transformers: Age of Extinction is a commendable one for a person who is self-taught. He is aware of his potency and explores it. Ronny Gani intends to improve Indonesian animators' skills, so he holds an online course, named Bengkel Animasi.

From the text we can learn that....

The following text is for questions 50 to 52. Ronny Gani, born in Jakarta on 16th March 1983,is a young and talented Indonesian animator. As professional animator, he has worked for several animation companies and has participated in the making of famous animations such as The Avengers, Pacific Rim and Transformers: Age of Extinction. The man with spectacles and thin moustache graduated from University of Indonesia. He studied Architecture, but his interest in making 3D animations is very strong. While studying Architecture at campus, he spent his spare time learning 3D software and animation. He learned 3D animations from books, seminars, etc. Being a world class animator is Ronny's dream. Due to his perseverance and hard work, Ronny reaches his success. He eventually became an employee at Lucas film Singapore's Industrial Light & Magic Studio, and Transformers: Age of Extinction is a commendable one for a person who is self-taught. He is aware of his potency and explores it. Ronny Gani intends to improve Indonesian animators' skills, so he holds an online course, named Bengkel Animasi.

“Due to his perseverence and hard work,...."

(Paragraph 3) What is the synonym of the underlined word?

James Cook, 1728-1779, was an English explorer and navigator. He was the son of a Yorkshire agricultural laborer and received little formal education. After an apprenticeship with a firm of ship owners at Whitby, in 1755 he joined the royal navy. Five years later, he surveyed the St. Lawrence Channel and then the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador for four years since 1763. Later, Cook was given command of the Endeavour and sailed on an expedition to chart the transit of Venus in 1768 and returned to England in 1771. He had also circumnavigated the globe and explored the coasts of New Zealand, which he accurately charted for the first time, and Australia. Cook next commanded an expedition to the South Pacific of two ships, the Resolution and Adventure, from 1772 until 1775. On this voyage he disproved the rumor of a great southern continent, explored the Antarctic Ocean and the New Hebrides, and visited New Caledonia. During the voyage, he applied strict diets and hygiene which prevented him and his crew from scurvy, heretofore the scourge of long voyages. Cook sailed again in 1776, and in 1778 he visited an island and named it Sandwich Islands (Hawaii). However, he unsuccessfully searched the coast of North America for a Northwest Passage. On the return voyage, he was killed by natives on the island of Hawaii. During the course of his journeys Cook visited

About ten major Pacific island groups and more than 40 individual islands, also making first European contact with a wide variety of indigenous people.

From the text, we can conlude that Cook....

James Cook, 1728-1779, was an English explorer and navigator. He was the son of a Yorkshire agricultural laborer and received little formal education. After an apprenticeship with a firm of ship owners at Whitby, in 1755 he joined the royal navy. Five years later, he surveyed the St. Lawrence Channel and then the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador for four years since 1763. Later, Cook was given command of the Endeavour and sailed on an expedition to chart the transit of Venus in 1768 and returned to England in 1771. He had also circumnavigated the globe and explored the coasts of New Zealand, which he accurately charted for the first time, and Australia. Cook next commanded an expedition to the South Pacific of two ships, the Resolution and Adventure, from 1772 until 1775. On this voyage he disproved the rumor of a great southern continent, explored the Antarctic Ocean and the New Hebrides, and visited New Caledonia. During the voyage, he applied strict diets and hygiene which prevented him and his crew from scurvy, heretofore the scourge of long voyages. Cook sailed again in 1776, and in 1778 he visited an island and named it Sandwich Islands (Hawaii). However, he unsuccessfully searched the coast of North America for a Northwest Passage. On the return voyage, he was killed by natives on the island of Hawaii. During the course of his journeys Cook visited

About ten major Pacific island groups and more than 40 individual islands, also making first European contact with a wide variety of indigenous people.

Falsely, long voyages were identical with...

James Cook, 1728-1779, was an English explorer and navigator. He was the son of a Yorkshire agricultural laborer and received little formal education. After an apprenticeship with a firm of ship owners at Whitby, in 1755 he joined the royal navy. Five years later, he surveyed the St. Lawrence Channel and then the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador for four years since 1763. Later, Cook was given command of the Endeavour and sailed on an expedition to chart the transit of Venus in 1768 and returned to England in 1771. He had also circumnavigated the globe and explored the coasts of New Zealand, which he accurately charted for the first time, and Australia. Cook next commanded an expedition to the South Pacific of two ships, the Resolution and Adventure, from 1772 until 1775. On this voyage he disproved the rumor of a great southern continent, explored the Antarctic Ocean and the New Hebrides, and visited New Caledonia. During the voyage, he applied strict diets and hygiene which prevented him and his crew from scurvy, heretofore the scourge of long voyages. Cook sailed again in 1776, and in 1778 he visited an island and named it Sandwich Islands (Hawaii). However, he unsuccessfully searched the coast of North America for a Northwest Passage. On the return voyage, he was killed by natives on the island of Hawaii. During the course of his journeys Cook visited

About ten major Pacific island groups and more than 40 individual islands, also making first European contact with a wide variety of indigenous people.

The best title for the above text is....

The mini handheld sewing machine can work on any quick fix you may need, and there's no power cord

Or batteries so you can take it anywhere! Great for offices, weekend cabins, vacations, even to keep in

A car for when you need a quick hem fix, but don't have the time for a big machine job or hand sewing

Job. Just follow the steps below:

1. Support the bottom of the machine with the four fingers and put your thumb on the top of the machine for holding the machine tightly.

2. Put the top of the lisle beside the needle, and then thread the lisle through the needle using the threader 2-3 centimeter.

3. Lift the cloth fastening plate with your forefinger and put the cloth under the fastening plate and then settle down the fastening plate. Press the top of the machine up and down, and do over, then the hand should move step by step and let the other hand hold the cloth to control the direction.

5. You can adjust the bolt for the optimal habitus, adjust nut if you intend to replace the needle, loose the set-screw with a screwdriver and take off the old needle. Notice to let the flat part of the needle face the invariant set-screw.

The text shows the steps to....

The mini handheld sewing machine can work on any quick fix you may need, and there's no power cord

Or batteries so you can take it anywhere! Great for offices, weekend cabins, vacations, even to keep in

A car for when you need a quick hem fix, but don't have the time for a big machine job or hand sewing

Job. Just follow the steps below:

1. Support the bottom of the machine with the four fingers and put your thumb on the top of the machine for holding the machine tightly.

2. Put the top of the lisle beside the needle, and then thread the lisle through the needle using the threader 2-3 centimeter.

3. Lift the cloth fastening plate with your forefinger and put the cloth under the fastening plate and then settle down the fastening plate. Press the top of the machine up and down, and do over, then the hand should move step by step and let the other hand hold the cloth to control the direction.

5. You can adjust the bolt for the optimal habitus, adjust nut if you intend to replace the needle, loose the set-screw with a screwdriver and take off the old needle. Notice to let the flat part of the needle face the invariant set-screw.

What should we do to change the needle?

Heavy eruptions of the Tambora Volcano in

Indonesia are letting up by this day in 1815. The

volcano, which began rumbling on 5th April killed

almost 100,000 people directly and indirectly. The

eruption was the largest ever recorded and its effects

were noted throughout the world.

Tambora is located on Sumbawa Island, on the

eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago. There had

been no signs of volcanic activities for thousands of

years prior to the 1815 eruption. On 10th April the first

of a series of eruptions was that mount sent ash

20 miles into the atmosphere, covering the island with

ash to a height of 1.5 meters.

Five days later, Tambora erupted violently once

again. At that time, so much ash was expelled that the

sun was not seen for several days. Flaming hot debris.

thrown into the surrounding ocean caused explosions

of steam. The debris also caused a moderate-sized

tsunami. In all, so much rock and ash was thrown out

of Tambora that the height of the volcano was reduced

from 14,000 to 9,000 feet.

The worst explosions were heard hundreds of

miles away. The eruptions of Tambora also affected the

climate worldwide. Enough ash had been thrown into

the atmosphere that global temperatures were reduced

over the next year; it also caused spectacularly colored

sunsets throughout the world. The eruption was blamed

for snow and frost in New England during June and

July that summer. Ten thousand people were killed by

the eruptions, most on Sumbawa Island. In subsequent

months, more than 80,000 people died in the

surrounding area from starvation due to the resulting

crop failures and diseases.

What was the effect of Tambora's eruptions in

1815 to the world?

Heavy eruptions of the Tambora Volcano in

Indonesia are letting up by this day in 1815. The

volcano, which began rumbling on 5th April killed

almost 100,000 people directly and indirectly. The

eruption was the largest ever recorded and its effects

were noted throughout the world.

Tambora is located on Sumbawa Island, on the

eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago. There had

been no signs of volcanic activities for thousands of

years prior to the 1815 eruption. On 10th April the first

of a series of eruptions was that mount sent ash

20 miles into the atmosphere, covering the island with

ash to a height of 1.5 meters.

Five days later, Tambora erupted violently once

again. At that time, so much ash was expelled that the

sun was not seen for several days. Flaming hot debris.

thrown into the surrounding ocean caused explosions

of steam. The debris also caused a moderate-sized

tsunami. In all, so much rock and ash was thrown out

of Tambora that the height of the volcano was reduced

from 14,000 to 9,000 feet.

The worst explosions were heard hundreds of

miles away. The eruptions of Tambora also affected the

climate worldwide. Enough ash had been thrown into

the atmosphere that global temperatures were reduced

over the next year; it also caused spectacularly colored

sunsets throughout the world. The eruption was blamed

for snow and frost in New England during June and

July that summer. Ten thousand people were killed by

the eruptions, most on Sumbawa Island. In subsequent

months, more than 80,000 people died in the

surrounding area from starvation due to the resulting

crop failures and diseases.

The third paragraph is about...