NEW
Font size
WorksheetsResponses to Industrialization
Total questions: 17
Worksheet time: 27mins
Examine the picture.
Based on this timeline, which statement best describes the relationship between romanticism and historical revolutions?
Romanticism focused on beauty and nature in response to dramatic changes in society
Romanticism portrayed the harsh conditions caused by social change
Revolutions inspired writers to explore themes of reason and progress
Revolutions made writers fearful of the future
Examine the Image.
Title: Above the Law, 1907
Which statement best summarizes the purpose of this cartoon?
It portrays what society may be like if the workers gain control of production.
It reveals what society may be like for Utopian socialist communities succeed.
It illustrates what might happen when governments over-regulates companies.
It shows what might happen when business owners create poor working conditions.
Which actions did utilitarian thinkers consider to be wrong?
those that prevented changes in society
those that focused on working conditions
those that caused harm to the most people
those that placed restrictions on corporations
According to social Darwinists, how did natural selection support laissez-faire capitalism?
It would cause the best businesses to survive and benefit society.
It would create competition by preventing businesses from failing.
It would prompt government assistance for the most useful businesses.
It would favor businesses that support workers and improve factory conditions.
Which statement best describes Adam Smith’s ideas about the economy?
It should rely on bartering between individuals.
It should be regulated to benefit the most people.
It should distribute all goods and services equally.
It should promote private ownership and profit-making.
Examine the Image.
How did people inspired by utopian socialism respond to the situation shown in the image?
They successfully enacted new workplace safety standards for factories.
They suggested ways workers could gain higher wages from factory owners
They created their own communities where people could work on varied tasks.
They discouraged workers from boycotting companies that treated workers poorly.
Read the excerpt below.
“You need but to look at the changes going on around, or observe social organization in its leading traits, to see that these are neither supernatural, nor are determined by the wills of individual men . . . but are consequent on general natural causes. The one case of the division of labour suffices to prove this. It has not been by command of any ruler that some men have become manufacturers, while others have remained cultivators of the soil. . . . It is not by ‘the hero as king,’ any more than by ‘collective wisdom,’ that men have been segregated into producers, wholesale distributors, and retail distributors. Our industrial organization . . . has become what it is, not simply without legislative guidance, but . . . in spite of legislative hindrances. . . .”—Herbert Spencer, The Social Organism, 1860
How does this excerpt support laissez-faire capitalism?
It states that humans have created the structure of society.
It argues that governments need to correct class divisions in society.
It explains that the natural structure of society benefits the most people.
It suggests that society has evolved naturally without government interference.
Which statement best describes utilitarianism as proposed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill?
Individuals should receive the same wages no matter what type of work they do.
Self-sufficient communities of people should do work that interests them most.
Individuals acting in their own self-interest will benefit society.
Society should create the most happiness for the most people.
Which philosophy advocated some government regulation as a way to benefit the economy?
Methodism
laissez-faire capitalism
progressivism
social Darwinism
Read the excerpt below.
“As every individual . . . endeavours as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry, and so to direct that industry . . . in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is . . . led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention . . . . By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it.”—Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
Based on this excerpt, why did Smith believe that the “invisible hand” benefits society?
It favors more government involvement to keep prices low.
It results in a conflict between individual interests and society’s needs.
It increases efficiency and protects a country’s industries against foreign competition.
It allows industries to serve their own interests and serve the public at the same time.
Examine the table.
Which two philosophies are being compared in this table?
utopian socialism and scientific socialism
social Darwinism and communism
utilitarianism and progressivism
capitalism and Methodism
What did Marx believe workers needed to ensure economic fairness?
the privileges of the bourgeoisie
control over the means of production
permission to perform socialists experiments
the assistance of counterrevolutionary forces
Examine the image.
Which effect of the Industrial Revolution is shown in this image?
the urbanization of society
the growth of the middle class
the efficient use of natural resources
the decreased importance of skilled labor
Read the excerpt below.
“The proletariat will use its political supremacy to [take], by degrees, all capital from the bourgeoisie, to centralise all instruments of production in the hands of the State, i.e., of the proletariat organised as the ruling class; and to increase the total of productive forces as rapidly as possible. Of course, in the beginning, this cannot be [done] except by means of [tyrannical] inroads on the rights of property, and on the conditions of bourgeois production..."
Which historical development is a direct result of the ideas expressed in this excerpt?
conflicts that ended Brook Farm
laws that provided public education
revolutions that created the Soviet Union
movements that achieved women's suffrage
Read the excerpt below.
“Does not [corn production] . . . vary, on one hand, from improvements in agriculture, from improved machinery . . . as well as from the discovery of new tracts of fertile land . . . which will affect the value of corn in every market . . . ? Is it not on the other hand subject to be enhanced in value . . . from increasing population and wealth, and the greater difficulty of obtaining the increased supplies, on account of the additional quantity of labour which the cultivation of inferior lands requires? Is not the value of labour equally variable; being not only affected . . . by the proportion between the supply and demand . . . but also by the varying price of food and other necessaries, on which the wages of labour are expended?”
—David Ricardo, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, 1819
What did the variations described in the excerpt lead Ricardo to believe?
Population growth should be encouraged to prevent dramatic changes.
Population expansion leads to lower wages by increasing the supply of laborers.
Larger corporations would be able to hire more people to meet increasing demand.
Governments should control the economy, lessening the impact of population growth.
Read the excerpt below.
“The life of [Charles] Dickens had been a curious one. Brought up in a family just poor enough to be painfully conscious of its prosperity and its respectability, he had been suddenly flung by a financial calamity into a social condition far below his own. . . . Dickens’s parents went to a debtors’ prison; Dickens himself went to a far more unpleasant place …doomed to see the very [worst] aspect of nineteenth-century England, something far [worse] than any mere bad government. He went not to a prison but to a factory. . . . In the ferocious efficiency of the modern factory young Charles Dickens narrowly escaped being a pessimist. He did escape this danger; finally he even escaped the factory itself.”
—English writer G. K. Chesterton, 1911
Which statement best explains how the experiences described in this except impacted the life of Charles Dickens?
They prevented him from getting a formal education.
They pushed him into rejecting life as an active social reformer.
They drove him to attempt to make as much money as possible.
They influenced him to portray the struggles of the working class.
Read the excerpt below.
“It seemed that he was working in the room where the men prepared the beef for canning, and the beef had lain in vats full of chemicals, and men with great forks speared it out and dumped it into trucks, to be taken to the cooking room. When they had speared out all they could reach, they emptied the vat on the floor, and then with shovels scraped up the balance and dumped it into the truck. This floor was filthy, yet they set [one of the workers] with his mop slopping the ‘pickle’ into a hole that connected with a sink, where it was caught and used over again forever . . .”
—Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
Which statement explains why this excerpt is an example of literary realism?
It celebrates workers who are central to social movements.
It makes workers into villains to prove a point about communism.
It presents the factory as an example of broad economic progress.
It portrays factory conditions as disgusting to encourage social change.
