Which of these neurons are found in invertebrates but not fully developed humans?

Which of these neurons are only found in the peripheral nervous system?

Which of these neurons are associated with the olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves?

You are looking at an image of a Purkinje neuron, which of the following class of neurons is the Purkinje neuron a part of?

Within which structure are the superior and inferior colliculi located?

Between what two structures does the cerebral aqueduct run through to travel from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?

Which of the following structures comprises the prosencephalon?

Which of the following structures comprise the the rhombencephalon?

Which embryological origins of the brain give rise to two subclassifications?

Where do the pons and cerebellum arise from?

Where do the basal ganglia arise from?

Where does the thalamus arise from?

When opening the top of the skull in cadaver lab, what was the first part of the brain that you saw?

A patient presents to your office with an arrow that went straight into his eyeball. What part of the brain did this arrow hit first?

What surface of the brain are we currently looking at?

What is the structure that is highlighted in purple?

What is the structure that is highlighted in yellow?

What structure can be approximated with the location of the structure that is highlighted in red? What structures does this approximation separate?

What structure can still be seen in this midsaggital cut of the brain and is indicated in red?

What structure was used to approximate the structure that is highlighted here in green from the lateral view of the brain?

The structure highlighted in purple is which of the following?

What is the structure that is ventral to the cingulate sulcus called?

Deep to the lateral or sylvian sulcus is a structure that is important for feelings of empathy, sympathy, motivational drivers, subjective pain threshold and body ownership. Name that structure.

The longitudinal fissure meets the corpus callosum in this image. What colors are they represented by in this image, respectively?

What is structure is located lateral to the orange color in this image?

Select the sequence of the highlighted structures that correctly lists them most lateral to most medial.

What surface of the forebrain and mid/hindbrain is this image surveying,dorsa respectively?

What surface of the forebrain and mid/hindbrain is this image surveying,dorsa respectively?

Where can a commissure be found and what does it describe?

What is a tract?

Tracts are called what in the peripheral nervous system?

Which cell is important in removing waste, maintaining K+ homeostasis as well as contributing to the blood-brain barrier?

Which of the following cells can cause a massive issue if one is damaged? Where is this cell found?

What cell will there be an increase in when the CNS is damaged?

What type of cell creates a endoneurial tube when the axon dies and allows for possible regeneration?

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the dorsal and rostral borders of the diencephalon?

What is the most caudal boundary of your diencephalon?

Which of the following structures is sensitive to the osmolality of blood due to being a circumventricular organ and is the rostral border of the diencephalon?

What is the lateral border of the diencephalon?

A 7-year-old male patient presents to your office with his mother. The mother tells you that she has noticed that her son has started to grow pubic hair and that his sleep cycle has been WAY OFF, preventing her from getting any sleep. Sure enough, on physical exam you notice that your patient is a Tanner stage 3. You obtain an MRI of his brain -- the results come back and you see a tumor on a midline structure. Where does this patient's tumor lie?

Your preceptor pages you to come down to the ER to see a 58-year-old patient who had a stroke. He is continuously flailing his leg out to the side of his body without any control. What part of his brain has likely been damaged?

What provides the separation that results in the anterior, dorsal medial and ventral lateral nuclear groups?

What does the nucleus that sits within the internal medullary lamina control? What is it called?

Which of the following regions are contained within the posterior thalamus?

True or false: the reticular thalamic nucleus is the only thalamic nucleus that has no extra-thalamic projections and is purely glutamatergic.

What are the two tracts involved in the thalamocortical circuit called?

Which tract in the thalamocortical circuit synapses on the reticulothalamic nucleus to provide inhibitory response in the circuit through GABA?

When there is loss of the reticulothalamic neuron response or injury to the hypothalamic circuit, what will you likely see?

Which of the following sensory impulses is not relayed through the thalamus?

Which of the following is not a boundary of the hypothalamus?

What is the name for the inferior border of the hypothalamus that lies between the optic chiasm and the mammillary bodies?

The hypothalamus receives afferent input from the ____________ via the stria terminalis and the hippocampus via the ___________, respectively.

From the brain stem and spinal cord, sensory input reaches the hypothalamus via the ____________.

Where do the hypothalamic efferents travel to?

True or false: the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei project from the hypothalamus to the pars distalis of the posterior pituitary which makes up the neurohypophysis.

A 48-year-old female patient presents to your ER with a plummeting body temperature. Her frantic husband accompanies her and tells you that she has also been unable to sleep during the night and has had complaints at work because she will fall asleep at her desk. After her blood work comes back negative, you get an MRI of her brain. Where do you most likely see a lesion and what other structure may it be injuring?

Ethan decides to be risky and drink some of Sophie's peanut butter adult milkshake not knowing what is in it. Ethan goes into anaphylaxis. Fortunately, Sophie was there to make an incision between which two muscles to open up his trachea?

A patient presents to your office with complaints of shoulder pain. After looking at his chart, you see that you treated him for pneumonia about two weeks ago. On physical exam, during inhalation and exhalation you a pleural friction rub. What nerves are likely irritated causing this referred pain to his shoulder? What nerves are transducing the pain signals, respectively?

Which of the following muscles is not innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

Which of the following nerves travels with the CN XII?

Which of the following structures are contained within the carotid sheath?

The carotid body monitors O₂ and CO_2. The carotid sinus contains baroreceptors. These two structure are innervated by the same nerves, what are they?

The subclavian artery has three parts that are defined by its relationship to the _________.

You are removing a growth from a patient's neck in-office. Anesthetizing what place with one injection should take care of all the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

Which structure travels across the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle?

What triangle allows for the best palpation of the deep cervical lymph nodes?

Which of the following is a dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve?

The inferior thyroid arteries and superior thyroid arteries are branches of what arteries, respectively?

A 20-year-old male patient was brought into your ER with a stab wound to the anterolateral neck. He states that he cannot feel anything when you test the sensation over the angle of the jaw. What nerve has likely been injured?

A 32-year-old male patient presents to your office after a knife brawl. He was stabbed in the lateral neck and claims that he cannot feel the back of his scalp posterior to his ear. What nerve has likely been damaged?

A 62-year-old male presents to your office with concerns of dizziness and a lightheaded feeling when doing light bicep curls with his right arm. Imaging revealed an artherosclerotic plaque where his subclavian artery branches from his brachiocephalic trunk. You explain to him that the dizziness is due to his body taking blood from which artery to allow proper perfusion of his arm?

A 38-year-old male presents to your office with concerns of a lump in his neck. Upon examination you notice ptosis of and pupil constriction of his right eye, red discoloration of his face, and visibly dry skin of the face. Imaging reveals that he has a tumor of the thyroid gland. What nerve fibers are likely disrupted by this tumor?

A 16-year-old boy presents to your office with concerns of bleeding from his right ear after a friend used an air horn in close proximity. What pharyngeal arch apparatuses did the structure that was injured arise from?

Which of the following muscle(s) do not arise from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Which of the following innervations are correctly matched with their pharyngeal arches?

A 2-year-old male patient presents to your office with his mother to review abnormal blood work and genetic testing. During his first appointment with you, you noticed subtle facial deformation that you followed. The labs reveal low T cell counts and hypocalcemia. The genetic test shows a deletion of q11.2 on chromosome 22. What pharyngeal arch apparatuses are effected by this disorder?

A patient presents to your office with an anterior throat mass. Upon physical examination, you notice this mass is inferior to the hyoid bone and doesn't move with deglutition. What is this mass likely due to?

Which of the following pharyngeal pouches are associated correctly with their arising structures?

From which of following arch(es) arise the common carotid and the internal carotid arteries?

A patient presents to your office after being injured during a football game. He reports no vibratory/discriminative touch on the lower left extremity at the level of the umbilicus. CT comes back positive for a vertebral fracture with displacement into the vertebral canal. Which of the following is the most likely damages to the spinal cord in this patient?

What structure marks where the neural folds begin to fuse forming the rostral and caudal neuropores?

A patient presents to your office to receive clearance to discontinue her phenytoin. She tells you that she did not know she was pregnant and is now in week 12 of her pregnancy. You send her to obtain an ultrasound. The ultrasound reveals a defect in the posterior vertebral arch with a cyst-like herniation. The sonographer was unable to determine what the contents were of the cyst. Based on occurrence rates alone, which of the following is the likely diagnosis for this fetus?

A patient presents to your office with complaints of recent trouble swallowing and aspiration during meals. This patient has prior surgical history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. These symptoms and prior surgical history would indicate that he likely has developed ________ due to the malfunctioning of his current shunt.

Which of the following is considered a circumventricular organ and is the most rostral part of the developing neural tube?

Which of the following are not correctly paired with their embryological origin?

The roof plate gives rise to which of the following?

Which of the following flexures divides the structures that contain the abducent nuclei from the structure that contains the olivary and hypoglossal nuclei?

Which of the following are not derived from the neuroectoderm/neural tube?

Which of the following are derived from the neural crest cells?

True or false: The mantle zone becomes the white matter of the CNS and differentiates in the astrocytes and the oligodendrocytes.

Which of the following zones is the first to develop and is the place of origin for neuroblasts as well as glioblasts?

Which of the following structures are derived from the mesenchyme of the mesoderm?

Which of the following do not originate from the prosencephalon?