This wide river separated groups in Germany and encouraged different cultures to develop.

After the Anglo-Saxons arrived, this group fled north and west in England. Many Scottish, Welsh, and Irish people are descended from this group.

Clovis was the first Germanic ruler to accept...

This ruler created the largest empire since the fall of Rome in 476.

These narrow inlets with steep cliffs made farming very difficult for Vikings.

Monks and monasteries provided many services. What were some?

In the Concordat of Worms...

___________ is based on an agreement between lords and vassals.

Medieval knights followed the rules established in this "code"

Unlike Freemen, these peasants were unable to own property and were tied to the land they worked for the lord.

The towns of Bruges and Ghent were important trading centers in an area known as...

Many craftspeople organized these business groups in Medieval towns.

English nobles forced the king to sign this document and agree to limits on his authority.

These were a collection of "holy wars" in which Christian warriors attempted to retake the holy land from Muslim forces.

Ideas that conflicted with the teachings of the Catholic Church.

After several years of famine, this disease spread through Europe killing nearly half of the population.

This dispute deeply divided the Church. During this time there were as many as 3 different popes!

This peasant girl played an important role for French forces in the Hundred Years' War.

In the 15th century, Christians drove Muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula during the...