Probiotic

Prekaryotic

Prokaryotic

Prebiotic

Take in food made by other organisms

Make their own food

Produce food using energy released from chemical reactions

Take in food from dead organic matter

Make their own food

Produce food using energy released from chemical reactions

Take in food from dead organic matter

Are prokaryotic and autotrophic. With many being saprophytic and some being parasitic.

Are eukaryotic and autotrophic. With many being saprophytic and some being parasitic.

Are eukaryotic and heterotrophic. With many being chemosynthetic and some being parasitic.

Are eukaryotic and heterotrophic. With many being saprophytic and some being parasitic.

Lack chlorophyll so cannot carry out photosynthesis.

Contain chlorophyll so can carry out photosynthesis.

Contain chlorophyll so canot carry out photosynthesis.

Lack chlorophyll so can carry out photosynthesis.

Lignin

Xylem

Chitin

Chlorophyll

Fungi have tubes called mycellium. Numerous mycelium form a visible mass called a hyphae.

Fungi have tubes called lignin. Numerous lignin form a visible mass called a hyphae.

Fungi have tubes called hyphae. Numerous hyphae form a visible mass called a mycelium.

Fungi have tubes called hyphae. Numerous hyphae form a visible mass called a lignin.

True

False

Can only take food from a live host.

Can get its food from a live or a dead host.

Can only take its food from a live host

Can get its food from a live or a dead host

Boletus

Death Cap

Morel

Chanterelle

Destroying Angel

Rhinoceros stolonifer

Stolonifer rhizopus

Rhizopus stolonifer

Saprophitus stolonifer

1 = Columella. 2 = Mycelium. 3 = Sporangium. 4 = Spore.

1 = Rhizoids. 2 = Stolon. 3 = Hypha. 4 = Substrate.

1 = Rhizoids. 2 = Substrate. 3 = Hypha. 4 = Stolon.

1 = Rhizoids. 2 = Hypha. 3 = Stolon. 4 = Substrate.

5 = Spore. 6 = Sporangium. 7 = Apophysis. 8 = Spores blown anawy.

5 = Apophysis. 6 = Spore. 7 = Sporangium. 8 = Spores blown anawy.

5 = Sporangium. 6 = Apophysis. 7 = Spore. 8 = Spores blown anawy.

5 = Apophysis. 6 = Sporangium. 7 = Spore. 8 = Spores blown anawy.

9 = Sporangiophore. 10 = Columella. 11 = Mycelium

9 = Columella. 10 = Sporangiophore. 11 = Mycelium

9 = Mycelium. 10 = Sporangiophore. 11 = Columella

Thread-like tube with no walls separating the cells, so that haploid nuclei move freely along the hypha. Secretes enzymes for extracellular digestion.

Aerial hypha. Allows a fungus to spread more rapidly. (Similar to a ‘runner’ in strawberry plants).

Specialised reproductive hypha. Raises the sporangium for effective spore dispersal.

Swelling underneath the columella. Helps with the release of spores.

Swollen structure for the production of spores by mitosis and dispersal. Black when mature.

Specialised reproductive hypha. Raises the sporangium for effective spore dispersal.

Sporangiophores produce a swelling called a sporangium at their tip. Spores are produced by mitosis. In dry conditions the sporangia open to release spores containing haploid nuclei. Each spore blows away to grow into a new hypha and mycelium on a suitable substrate.

Sporangiophores produce a swelling called a rhizoid at their tip. Spores are produced by meiosis. In dry conditions the rhizoids open to release spores containing diploid nuclei. Each spore blows away to grow into a new hypha and mycelium on a suitable substrate.

1 = Gametangia. 2 = Pro-Gametangia. 3 = Two Hyphae. 4 = Young Zygospore. 5 = Mature Zygospore.

1 = Pro-Gametangia. 2 = Two Hyphae. 3 = Gametangia. 4 = Young Zygospore. 5 = Mature Zygospore.

1 = Two Hyphae. 2 = Pro-Gametangia. 3 = Gametangia. 4 = Young Zygospore. 5 = Mature Zygospore.

1 = Young Zygospore. 2 = Mature Zygospore. 3 = Two Hyphae. 4 = Gametangia. 5 = Pro-Gametangia.

1 = Nucleus (gamete). 2 = Cross Wall. 3 = Suspensor.

1 = Suspensor. 2 = Nucleus (gamete). 3 = Cross Wall.

1 = Cross Wall. 2 = Nucleus (gamete). 3 = Suspensor.

Are unicellular fungi that respire anaerobically

Are multicellular fungi that respire anaerobically

Are unicellular fungi that respire aerobically

Are multicellular fungi that respire aerobically

Sexual reproduction by budding

Asexual reproduction by binary fission

Sexual reproduction by binary fission

Asexual reproduction by budding

True

False

In brewing, alcohol is produced during fermentation (anaerobic respiration) by yeast cells.

Athlete’s foot is also caused by a pathogenic fungus.

Many crop diseases are caused by fungi e.g. potato blight.

In baking, CO2 is produced in the dough during the fermentation of sugars by yeast. This causes the bread to rise.

Fungi such as mushrooms can be grown as a food source.

Measures are taken to exclude unwanted micro-organisms.

All micro-organisms are destroyed, i.e. there us nothing living.

All micro-organisms are destroyed, i.e. there is nothing living.

Measures are takn to exclude unwanted micro-organisms.

To act as a control

To kill microorganisms

To incubate

A

B