Type of atelectasis that results from a pleural cavity that is filled by fluid exudate, tumor, blood, or air.

Abnormal build-up of fluid in the lungs.

Condition wherein a thrombus arises elsewhere in the body and migrates to the pulmonary vascular tree where it causes obstruction.

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space caused by a compromise in the balance of formation and removal of pleural fluid.

Specialized diagnostic procedures for pleural effusion except:

Occurs when 2 or more contiguous ribs are fractured in at least 2 locations.

Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space.

Temporary management for open pneumothorax requires closure of the chest wall defect and tube thoracostomy remote from the wound. Definitive treatment includes covering the wound with an occlusive dressing that is taped on three sides.

Massive hemothorax:

Only reliable means to quantify the amount of hemothorax.

Most common fatal lung malignancy.

Only bronchial carcinoma that responds to chemotherapy.

Involvement of lower part of the brachial plexus (C8 ,T1,T2) causing severe pain of the shoulder and inferior surface of the arm.

Frequent in men and older people. Usually starts on one side of the respiratory airways and tends to be localized in the chest longer than other types of lung cancer.

AKA sucking chest wound.

Drug of choice for pulmonary embolism.

Gold standard for diagnosis for pulmonary embolism.

MC early symptom in patients with tumors within the bronchus.

Involvement of the sympathetic ganglion.