Font size
WorksheetsIB ESS 4.3 Aquatic food production systems
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
What factors are causing the demand for aquatic food resources to increase?
growth of faster transport technologies
growth of human population
growth of fishing fleets and technologies
growth of pescatarian diet choices
growth of soil degradation influences
What process is the source of all energy for food webs?
(a)
What organisms is the source of most diverse aquatic food webs?
plants
algae
zooplankton
phytoplankton
What is the other name of "capture fisheries" where natural populations of aquatic ecosystems fauna are harvested by humans?
(a)
State the term given to the farming of aquatic organisms in both coastal and inland areas that involves intervention in the rearing process to enhance production
Wild fishing
Aquaculture
Capture fishing
Sustainable yield
The term aquatic in this topic relates to which water?
freshwater
marine water
drinking water
freshwater and marine
Where do upwellings of nutrients occur which cause the high productivity in marine ecosystems?
Deep sea trenches
Near coastlines
Shallow seas
The surface of all seas
In gyres
Why are the highest productivity regions in need of nutrients from the deep waters, phytoplankton and light at the surface?
(a)
Which species are controversial to harvest because of ethics?
Whales
Squid
Cod
Shrimp
Which of these arguments are in favour of harvesting whales?
indigenous cultures rely on them for many resources
biorights say that all organisms have the right to exist
they are a delicacy and taste delicious
international legislation controls the harvest to limit detrimental effects
international legislation cannot control the harvest to sustainable levels
Which of these arguments are against harvesting whales?
indigenous cultures rely on them for many resources
biorights say that all organisms have the right to exist
they are a delicacy and taste delicious
international legislation controls the harvest to limit detrimental effects
international legislation cannot control the harvest to sustainable levels
Which of these groups value whaling as part of their historical culture?
Inuit people
Icelandic people
Amazon tribes people
Japanese people
Faroe island people
Which of these groups value dolphin hunting as part of their historical culture?
Inuit people
Icelandic people
Amazon tribes people
Japanese people
Faroe island people
Which of these non governmental organisations' first large scale campaigns was against whale hunting?
Friends of the Earth
WWF (World Wildlife Fund)
Conservation International
Greenpeace
Rainforest Alliance
Which of these strategies have been implemented by the International Whaling commission to reduce whale harvesting?
Quotas on the number of whales captured
Complete ban on capturing whales
Breeding programs of whales in captivity
Sanctuary areas where whales can be safe from capture
Quotas on the size of whales captured (no calves)
Which of these is not a reason that the whaling commission has limited powers
It is not a governmental body so cannot prosecute nations
Nations can decide if they will adhere to the rulings, or not
They have an agenda to preserve whales, not preserve sustainable whaling
Nations can opt out of the IWC membership and fish in their territorial waters
How much of the proteins eaten by humans are fish?
5%
10%
15%
20%
How much of the global aquatic catch goes into animal feeds?
10%
15%
20%
25%
State which word means the harvesting of any aquatic organism, flora or fauna
fishery
wild fishing
capture fishing
aquaculture
Because of the greater variety of niches in biomes and niches, aquatic food chains can be:
shorter
longer
more energy limited
joined to pyramids
Advancement in fishing technology have had what results?
damage to habitats
increasing sustainable yields of wild fishing
increased reproduction of fish stocks
reduction in wild populations
One example of International mitigation of dwindling wild fish stocks would be
International man of mystery
International non governmental organisations
International fishing quotas
International fleets of trawlers
One example of National mitigation of dwindling fish stock would be
Quotas and monitoring policies for commercial fishing boats
Banning particular fish or sale
Greenpeace campaigns on television
Lists of endangered species
One example of local mitigation of dwindling fish stocks would be
Issuing licences for fishing within non breeding seasons only
Selling only local, seasonal fish in stores
Educating people about the endangered species through television
Laws made about the size of fish caught
One example of Individual mitigation of dwindling fish stocks
Joining Greenpeace and going on marches
Collect food waste and place it in a domestic composter
Learn about and only choose to eat non endangered fish species
Choosing to stop eating meat and only fish
What is the name given to the conflict between the common good and the needs of individuals in regard to a common resource such as wild fish stocks
(a)
If we harvest larger amounts of aquatic organisms than are replaced through reproduction this would be
sustainable fishing
maximum sustainable yield
unsustainable fishing
carrying capacity
Marine conservation society are an NGO who produce the what not to eat list to encourage people to make ethical choices in their fish consumption - this is an example of mitigation, but at what level?
International
National
Local
Individual
Marine conservation society are an NGO who produce the what not to eat list to encourage people to make ethical choices in their fish consumption - this is an example of mitigation, but what form of EVS approach is this?
Ecocentric
Arthropocentric
Technocentric
Not clearly any
Atlantic cod and the unsustainable fishing of this species was an issue at what scale?
International
National
Local
Individual
Which nation seems to have reduced the unsustainable fishing of cod and increased the wild populations?
Japan
Iceland
Newfoundland
Brazil
Which of these measures have been implemented to successfully protect the cod populations of Iceland?
Regulating the number of fish caught per boat - quota
Monitoring the population of Cod in order to set the quotas at the maximum sustainable yield
Monitoring of the population of Cod in order to set quotas below the optimal sustainable yield
Having an exclusion zone in which only Icelandic boats may fish
Having an exclusion zone in which no boats may fish
Which of these are management strategies which can be implemented to protect vulnerable fish stocks
Improve fishing technologies to track fish
Track fishing boats by satellite
Restrict the mesh size of nets used
Improve the efficiency of fishing gear eg trawl nets
Improve the number and size of fishing boats
What is a maximum sustainable yield?
The highest amount which can be taken which will permanently deplete the stock
The highest amount which can be taken without permanently depleting the stock
The highest amount which can be taken without permanently depleting the stock even on a poor recruitment year
An amount under the highest amount of stock which is replaced each year as natural capital
What is a optimal sustainable yield?
The highest amount which can be taken which will permanently deplete the stock
The highest amount which can be taken without permanently depleting the stock
The highest amount which can be taken without permanently depleting the stock even on a poor recruitment year
An amount under the highest amount of stock which is replaced each year as natural capital
Which factors can lead to population decline if fished at Maximum sustainable yield is harvested
Disease striking the population
Harvesting of more fertile females and/or juveniles
Population data used for the yield is imprecise
All of the above
Harvesting fish stocks at the maximum sustainable yield will lead to a decline in populations
True
False
State the term used to describe unsustainable wild fishing - taking more fish than can be replaced
(a)
62% of all farmed fish worldwide is from China where they cultivate fish in rice paddies, their waste providing fertilizers for the rice What is this an example of?
Polyculture
Monoculture
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Which if these impacts are a consequence of shrimp aquaculture
larger demand for shrimp from human populations
Greater diet change to pescatarianism through education
Larger inequalities of farmers and shrimp farmers
Overfishing of wild stocks to feed the shrimp
Fish farming has reduced mangrove habitats
True
False
Which of these are negative impacts of aquaculture
Eutrophication from feed which washed out of the farm
Larger incidence of diseases because of high density stocking
Greater economies for the local aquaculture workers
Escaped fish outcompeting native species in the natural ecosystem
Access to cheaper protein sources for poorer people
Commercial fishing negatively impacts wild fish populations because they catch and process fish on an industrial scale
Which of these are commercial fishing technologies?
Hand-held fishing rods and reels
Sonar, GPS and fish finding scanners
Small boats with motors
Large ships with refrigerators to travel farther and store fish
Trawlers with huge seabed drag nets
Which two countries were involved in the "Cod wars"of 1970s?
Iceland
Canada
Britain
United States of America
What is the proportion of Marine : Freshwater fisheries?
90:10
80:20
60:40
40:50
