the belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits

a generally flat region surrounded by higher land such as mountains and plateaus

a regional version of a language

the intentional destruction of a people

an extreme shortage of food

a small territory surrounded by foreign territory

the belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior

a steep face at the edge of a plateau or other raised area

periods when little rain falls and crops are damaged

the voyages that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

a disease spread by mosquitoes that causes fever and pain

a condition of not getting enough nutrients from food

a devotion and loyalty to one’s country

a building for Muslim worship

the practice of building an empire by claiming lands, setting up colonies, and controlling those areas

an overland journey to view African wildlife

strip of land that divides the Sahara from wetter areas

economic or political penalties imposed by one country on another to try to force a change in policy

an area of tall grasses and scattered trees and shrubs