WorksheetsUnit 4 AP Bio Review
Total questions: 26
Worksheet time: 25mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
2.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
3.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
4.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
5.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
6.
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
a)
size
b)
polarity
c)
ability to cross the membrane
d)
all of these are correct
7.
1. Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
8.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?
a)
Adenosine
b)
Adenylyl cyclase
c)
Citric acid
d)
Cyclic AMP
9.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following represents the correct ordering of the molecules that are activated by a single molecule of epinephrine, from highest number of molecules to lowest number of molecules?
Which of the following represents the correct ordering of the molecules that are activated by a single molecule of epinephrine, from highest number of molecules to lowest number of molecules?
a)
cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase
b)
Glycogen phosphorylase, phosphorylase kinase, protein kinase A, cAMP
c)
cAMP, phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase, protein kinase A
d)
Glycogen phosphorylase, cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase
10.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following would likely not be observed in a person injected with epinephrine?
Which of the following would likely not be observed in a person injected with epinephrine?
a)
Decreased production of cAMP in liver cells
b)
Inactivation of glycogen synthase
c)
Increased glucose mobilization
d)
Activation of G proteins
11.
G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside a cell into the inside of the cell. G proteins function as molecular switches.
Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?
Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?
a)
Production
of the ligand molecule.
b)
Reception
of the signal.
c)
Transduction of the signal.
d)
Production
of response to signal.
12.
G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside a cell into the inside of the cell. G proteins function as molecular switches.
Investigations into the causes behind symptoms in Alzheimer’s patients have led to the hypothesis that the disease may be caused by excessive activity of IP3 second messengers in brain cells. When comparing cell samples of Alzheimer’s patients to those taken from the control group, which of the following pieces of evidence would support this hypothesis?
Investigations into the causes behind symptoms in Alzheimer’s patients have led to the hypothesis that the disease may be caused by excessive activity of IP3 second messengers in brain cells. When comparing cell samples of Alzheimer’s patients to those taken from the control group, which of the following pieces of evidence would support this hypothesis?
a)
A
lower number of receptor proteins in the Alzheimer cell samples.
b)
A
greater volume of endoplasmic reticulum membrane in the control group cell
samples.
c)
A higher concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol of the Alzheimer
cell samples.
d)
A
lower number of activated proteins in the cytosol of the Alzheimer cell samples
13.
The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids. All of the following describe steroid hormones EXCEPT:
a)
A. They bind with receptor proteins in the plasma membrane to trigger cellular responses.
b)
A. They are derived from cholesterol and are lipid soluble.
c)
They serve as ligands in signal transduction pathways
d)
A. They are exemplified by testosterone, estrogen and progesterone
14.
Cell signaling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Which of the following best describes how a cell initially responds to a signal?
a)
The cell experiences a change in receptor
conformation
b)
The
cell experiences an influx of ions
c)
The
cell experiences an increase in protein kinase activity
d)
The
cell experiences G protein activation
15.
Which areas in the diagram depict the process of transduction in the signal transduction pathway of cell communication?
a)
Q and R
b)
Q and U
c)
S and T
d)
T and U
16.
The data shown was collected in an experiment designed to test the hypothesis that a second messenger mediates between receptor activation at the plasma membrane and enzyme activation in the cytoplasm. Liver tissue was homogenated and used to make three test solutions; a whole homogenate, a fraction containing plasma membrane and a fraction containing cytoplasm but no plasma membrane. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion based on the data collected?
a)
All cells in an organism respond to the presence of epinephrine via
second messengers present in the homogenate
b)
A soluble second messenger,
produced by hormone-actived membranes is present in the solution and activates
enzymes in the cytoplasm
c)
Epinephrine is a hormone found bound in the membrane of cells and
requires a ligand to stimulate its transduction
d)
An epineprine signal transduction pathway works more efficiently at
warmer temperatures
17.
sequence
a)
C,D, B, A, F, E
b)
D,A,F,C,E,B
c)
B,E,C,F,A,D
d)
C,B,D,A E,F
18.
DNA is replicated during ______ of the cell cycle.
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
G0
19.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
20.
The normal function of a tumor suppressor gene is
a)
to produce growth signals
b)
to code for proteins that inhibit, or slow, cell division
c)
to cause the cell to move faster through the cell cycle
d)
to attack cancer cells in the body
21.
How does the concentration of cyclin change as a cell goes through the cell cycle?
a)
Cyclin concentration remains constant.
b)
Cyclin concentration increases during interphase and decreases during mitosis.
c)
Cyclin concentration decreases during interphase and increases during mitosis.
d)
Cyclin concentration is inversely related to MPF concentrations.
22.
How does the concentration of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) change as the cell proceeds through the cell cycle?
a)
Cdk concentration remains constant.
b)
Cdk concentration increases during interphase and decreases during mitosis.
c)
Cdk concentration decreases during interphase and increases during mitosis.
d)
Cdk concentration correlates directly with MPF concentration.
23.
Crossing over is important because....
a)
It prevents mutations from entering the gametes.
b)
It allows for even distribution of chromosomes in the gametes.
c)
It allows for more genetic diversity of gametes.
d)
It allows for genetic uniformity of gametes.
24.
Which is true about embryonic stem cells?
a)
They no longer divide, their cell type is set and cannot change.
b)
They can develop into only one type of cell.
c)
They can become any cell type in the body.
d)
They are found in adults.
25.
Metastasis is
a)
the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another.
b)
the growth of tumors in the lungs
c)
cancer of the blood cells
d)
cancer that is found in connective tissues
26.
4 lines
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