As the vanilla market opens in north-eastern Madagascar this season, some local farmers will earn more money than ever before. With global vanilla prices now hovering around US$500 per kilogram—approximately the price of silver—a farmer’s crop could be worth tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars, in a country with an average income of less than two dollars a day. India handed over relief material and stores to the authorities of Madagascar, as part of its effort to provide relief to cyclone Diane hit areas, codenamed operation Vanilla. Indian Navy Ship(1), which was en-route to Seychelles was diverted to Madagascar for rendering assistance. The island nation was lashed with cyclone causing heavy flooding and landslides leading to massive loss of life and property. Ship handed over urgently needed relief material comprising disaster relief stores, tents, blankets, clothing, food and medicines to local government authorities. The Medical Team from the ship is holding a medical camp in coordination with local authorities. Indian Navy was the first international respondent to this evolving humanitarian crisis in Madagascar. India’s assistance to Madagascar is in consonance with Indian Navy’s Foreign Cooperation initiatives in line with India’s vision of (2).Madagascar is also a member of inter-governmental organisation Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) which has headquarter in(3) .ship is an amphibious assault ship and as part of the mission-based deployment has Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) as part of its missions and carries relief material in the form of HADR bricks. This enables ships on deployment to respond rapidly to any emergent situation. Madagascar is an island country in the (4), approximately 400 kilometres (250 miles) off the coast of East Africa. It is the world's 2nd largest island country. Madagascar belongs to the group of least developed countries, according to the United Nations. (5) are official languages of the state. Neighbouring islands include the French territory of Réunion and the country of Mauritius to the east, as well as the state of Comoros and the French territory of Mayotte to the north west. The nearest mainland state is Mozambique, located to the west.

Answer of question 2 ?

As the vanilla market opens in north-eastern Madagascar this season, some local farmers will earn more money than ever before. With global vanilla prices now hovering around US$500 per kilogram—approximately the price of silver—a farmer’s crop could be worth tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars, in a country with an average income of less than two dollars a day. India handed over relief material and stores to the authorities of Madagascar, as part of its effort to provide relief to cyclone Diane hit areas, codenamed operation Vanilla. Indian Navy Ship(1), which was en-route to Seychelles was diverted to Madagascar for rendering assistance. The island nation was lashed with cyclone causing heavy flooding and landslides leading to massive loss of life and property. Ship handed over urgently needed relief material comprising disaster relief stores, tents, blankets, clothing, food and medicines to local government authorities. The Medical Team from the ship is holding a medical camp in coordination with local authorities. Indian Navy was the first international respondent to this evolving humanitarian crisis in Madagascar. India’s assistance to Madagascar is in consonance with Indian Navy’s Foreign Cooperation initiatives in line with India’s vision of (2).Madagascar is also a member of inter-governmental organisation Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) which has headquarter in(3) .ship is an amphibious assault ship and as part of the mission-based deployment has Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) as part of its missions and carries relief material in the form of HADR bricks. This enables ships on deployment to respond rapidly to any emergent situation. Madagascar is an island country in the (4), approximately 400 kilometres (250 miles) off the coast of East Africa. It is the world's 2nd largest island country. Madagascar belongs to the group of least developed countries, according to the United Nations. (5) are official languages of the state. Neighbouring islands include the French territory of Réunion and the country of Mauritius to the east, as well as the state of Comoros and the French territory of Mayotte to the north west. The nearest mainland state is Mozambique, located to the west.

Answer of question 3 ?

As the vanilla market opens in north-eastern Madagascar this season, some local farmers will earn more money than ever before. With global vanilla prices now hovering around US$500 per kilogram—approximately the price of silver—a farmer’s crop could be worth tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars, in a country with an average income of less than two dollars a day. India handed over relief material and stores to the authorities of Madagascar, as part of its effort to provide relief to cyclone Diane hit areas, codenamed operation Vanilla. Indian Navy Ship(1), which was en-route to Seychelles was diverted to Madagascar for rendering assistance. The island nation was lashed with cyclone causing heavy flooding and landslides leading to massive loss of life and property. Ship handed over urgently needed relief material comprising disaster relief stores, tents, blankets, clothing, food and medicines to local government authorities. The Medical Team from the ship is holding a medical camp in coordination with local authorities. Indian Navy was the first international respondent to this evolving humanitarian crisis in Madagascar. India’s assistance to Madagascar is in consonance with Indian Navy’s Foreign Cooperation initiatives in line with India’s vision of (2).Madagascar is also a member of inter-governmental organisation Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) which has headquarter in(3) .ship is an amphibious assault ship and as part of the mission-based deployment has Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) as part of its missions and carries relief material in the form of HADR bricks. This enables ships on deployment to respond rapidly to any emergent situation. Madagascar is an island country in the (4), approximately 400 kilometres (250 miles) off the coast of East Africa. It is the world's 2nd largest island country. Madagascar belongs to the group of least developed countries, according to the United Nations. (5) are official languages of the state. Neighbouring islands include the French territory of Réunion and the country of Mauritius to the east, as well as the state of Comoros and the French territory of Mayotte to the north west. The nearest mainland state is Mozambique, located to the west.

Answer of question 4 ?

As the vanilla market opens in north-eastern Madagascar this season, some local farmers will earn more money than ever before. With global vanilla prices now hovering around US$500 per kilogram—approximately the price of silver—a farmer’s crop could be worth tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars, in a country with an average income of less than two dollars a day. India handed over relief material and stores to the authorities of Madagascar, as part of its effort to provide relief to cyclone Diane hit areas, codenamed operation Vanilla. Indian Navy Ship(1), which was en-route to Seychelles was diverted to Madagascar for rendering assistance. The island nation was lashed with cyclone causing heavy flooding and landslides leading to massive loss of life and property. Ship handed over urgently needed relief material comprising disaster relief stores, tents, blankets, clothing, food and medicines to local government authorities. The Medical Team from the ship is holding a medical camp in coordination with local authorities. Indian Navy was the first international respondent to this evolving humanitarian crisis in Madagascar. India’s assistance to Madagascar is in consonance with Indian Navy’s Foreign Cooperation initiatives in line with India’s vision of (2).Madagascar is also a member of inter-governmental organisation Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) which has headquarter in(3) .ship is an amphibious assault ship and as part of the mission-based deployment has Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) as part of its missions and carries relief material in the form of HADR bricks. This enables ships on deployment to respond rapidly to any emergent situation. Madagascar is an island country in the (4), approximately 400 kilometres (250 miles) off the coast of East Africa. It is the world's 2nd largest island country. Madagascar belongs to the group of least developed countries, according to the United Nations. (5) are official languages of the state. Neighbouring islands include the French territory of Réunion and the country of Mauritius to the east, as well as the state of Comoros and the French territory of Mayotte to the north west. The nearest mainland state is Mozambique, located to the west.

Answer of question 5 ?

Bodo Peace Accord 2020

Bodo Accord is basically a new peace Tripartite agreement signed on 27 january 2020 between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other. Officially called as the BodoLand Territorial Region is an autonomous region (autonomous region means : The 6^th schedule of The Constitution Of India Allows the formation of autonomous administrative division which have been given autonomy within their respective states )in the state of Assam . it is made up of four districts namely [2] (headquarter), Chirang , Baksa and Udalgiri on the north bank of Brahmaputra river .it is administered by an elected body known as Bodoland territorial council which came into existence under the terms of peace agreement signed on 9^th february [3] .Bodo or Boro people is the largest ethnolinguistic group in the state of assam ,they constitute around 5-6% population of Assam. They are the earliest settlers of Assam .The first Bodo accord was signed with [1] in 1993. It led to the creation of Bodoland Autonomous Council with some limited political powers .In 2003 the second Bodo accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force, the centre and the state. This led to the creation of Bodo Territorial Council which is an autonomous body under the [4] of the COI. Now on 27 January 2020 a new peace Tripartite agreement signed between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , The [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other.Bodo territorial Area District is now renamed as Bodo Territorial region .Under the terms of the agreement : a bodo territorial region was formed with enhanced executive and legislative powers .the bodo territorial council will have competency over almost all areas defined under the sixth schedule of the COI and its membership will be increased from 40 to [5] .New District will be created and the Bodoland will also have the right to be represented at national level sports and cultural events such as National games of india and the khelo india youth games.A cancer hospital, a railway coach factory and central university are some other developments to be made under the 2020 peace agreement.PM Modi also announces rs.[6] crore package for the bodo areas.

Q.1 What is the full form of (ABSU) which is the party the to the first ever Bodo peace accord and also the 2020 bodo accord ?

Bodo Peace Accord 2020

Bodo Accord is basically a new peace Tripartite agreement signed on 27 january 2020 between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other. Officially called as the BodoLand Territorial Region is an autonomous region (autonomous region means : The 6^th schedule of The Constitution Of India Allows the formation of autonomous administrative division which have been given autonomy within their respective states )in the state of Assam . it is made up of four districts namely [2] (headquarter), Chirang , Baksa and Udalgiri on the north bank of Brahmaputra river .it is administered by an elected body known as Bodoland territorial council which came into existence under the terms of peace agreement signed on 9^th february [3] .Bodo or Boro people is the largest ethnolinguistic group in the state of assam ,they constitute around 5-6% population of Assam. They are the earliest settlers of Assam .The first Bodo accord was signed with [1] in 1993. It led to the creation of Bodoland Autonomous Council with some limited political powers .In 2003 the second Bodo accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force, the centre and the state. This led to the creation of Bodo Territorial Council which is an autonomous body under the [4] of the COI. Now on 27 January 2020 a new peace Tripartite agreement signed between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , The [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other.Bodo territorial Area District is now renamed as Bodo Territorial region .Under the terms of the agreement : a bodo territorial region was formed with enhanced executive and legislative powers .the bodo territorial council will have competency over almost all areas defined under the sixth schedule of the COI and its membership will be increased from 40 to [5] .New District will be created and the Bodoland will also have the right to be represented at national level sports and cultural events such as National games of india and the khelo india youth games.A cancer hospital, a railway coach factory and central university are some other developments to be made under the 2020 peace agreement.PM Modi also announces rs.[6] crore package for the bodo areas.

Q.2 Name the district which is the Headquartre of bodoland in assam ?

Bodo Peace Accord 2020

Bodo Accord is basically a new peace Tripartite agreement signed on 27 january 2020 between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other. Officially called as the BodoLand Territorial Region is an autonomous region (autonomous region means : The 6^th schedule of The Constitution Of India Allows the formation of autonomous administrative division which have been given autonomy within their respective states )in the state of Assam . it is made up of four districts namely [2] (headquarter), Chirang , Baksa and Udalgiri on the north bank of Brahmaputra river .it is administered by an elected body known as Bodoland territorial council which came into existence under the terms of peace agreement signed on 9^th february [3] .Bodo or Boro people is the largest ethnolinguistic group in the state of assam ,they constitute around 5-6% population of Assam. They are the earliest settlers of Assam .The first Bodo accord was signed with [1] in 1993. It led to the creation of Bodoland Autonomous Council with some limited political powers .In 2003 the second Bodo accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force, the centre and the state. This led to the creation of Bodo Territorial Council which is an autonomous body under the [4] of the COI. Now on 27 January 2020 a new peace Tripartite agreement signed between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , The [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other.Bodo territorial Area District is now renamed as Bodo Territorial region .Under the terms of the agreement : a bodo territorial region was formed with enhanced executive and legislative powers .the bodo territorial council will have competency over almost all areas defined under the sixth schedule of the COI and its membership will be increased from 40 to [5] .New District will be created and the Bodoland will also have the right to be represented at national level sports and cultural events such as National games of india and the khelo india youth games.A cancer hospital, a railway coach factory and central university are some other developments to be made under the 2020 peace agreement.PM Modi also announces rs.[6] crore package for the bodo areas.

Q.3 Bodoland territorial council (BTC) is an elected body which came into existence in which year's peace agreement?

Bodo Peace Accord 2020

Bodo Accord is basically a new peace Tripartite agreement signed on 27 january 2020 between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other. Officially called as the BodoLand Territorial Region is an autonomous region (autonomous region means : The 6^th schedule of The Constitution Of India Allows the formation of autonomous administrative division which have been given autonomy within their respective states )in the state of Assam . it is made up of four districts namely [2] (headquarter), Chirang , Baksa and Udalgiri on the north bank of Brahmaputra river .it is administered by an elected body known as Bodoland territorial council which came into existence under the terms of peace agreement signed on 9^th february [3] .Bodo or Boro people is the largest ethnolinguistic group in the state of assam ,they constitute around 5-6% population of Assam. They are the earliest settlers of Assam .The first Bodo accord was signed with [1] in 1993. It led to the creation of Bodoland Autonomous Council with some limited political powers .In 2003 the second Bodo accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force, the centre and the state. This led to the creation of Bodo Territorial Council which is an autonomous body under the [4] of the COI. Now on 27 January 2020 a new peace Tripartite agreement signed between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , The [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other.Bodo territorial Area District is now renamed as Bodo Territorial region .Under the terms of the agreement : a bodo territorial region was formed with enhanced executive and legislative powers .the bodo territorial council will have competency over almost all areas defined under the sixth schedule of the COI and its membership will be increased from 40 to [5] .New District will be created and the Bodoland will also have the right to be represented at national level sports and cultural events such as National games of india and the khelo india youth games.A cancer hospital, a railway coach factory and central university are some other developments to be made under the 2020 peace agreement.PM Modi also announces rs.[6] crore package for the bodo areas.

Q.4 Bodo Territorial Council is an autonomous body under which schedule of the constitution of India ?

Bodo Peace Accord 2020

Bodo Accord is basically a new peace Tripartite agreement signed on 27 january 2020 between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other. Officially called as the BodoLand Territorial Region is an autonomous region (autonomous region means : The 6^th schedule of The Constitution Of India Allows the formation of autonomous administrative division which have been given autonomy within their respective states )in the state of Assam . it is made up of four districts namely [2] (headquarter), Chirang , Baksa and Udalgiri on the north bank of Brahmaputra river .it is administered by an elected body known as Bodoland territorial council which came into existence under the terms of peace agreement signed on 9^th february [3] .Bodo or Boro people is the largest ethnolinguistic group in the state of assam ,they constitute around 5-6% population of Assam. They are the earliest settlers of Assam .The first Bodo accord was signed with [1] in 1993. It led to the creation of Bodoland Autonomous Council with some limited political powers .In 2003 the second Bodo accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force, the centre and the state. This led to the creation of Bodo Territorial Council which is an autonomous body under the [4] of the COI. Now on 27 January 2020 a new peace Tripartite agreement signed between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , The [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other.Bodo territorial Area District is now renamed as Bodo Territorial region .Under the terms of the agreement : a bodo territorial region was formed with enhanced executive and legislative powers .the bodo territorial council will have competency over almost all areas defined under the sixth schedule of the COI and its membership will be increased from 40 to [5] .New District will be created and the Bodoland will also have the right to be represented at national level sports and cultural events such as National games of india and the khelo india youth games.A cancer hospital, a railway coach factory and central university are some other developments to be made under the 2020 peace agreement.PM Modi also announces rs.[6] crore package for the bodo areas.

Q.5 As per the Bodo Peace Accord 2020 the membership of the bodo territorial council which is the governing body of bodoland will be increased to ?

Bodo Peace Accord 2020

Bodo Accord is basically a new peace Tripartite agreement signed on 27 january 2020 between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other. Officially called as the BodoLand Territorial Region is an autonomous region (autonomous region means : The 6^th schedule of The Constitution Of India Allows the formation of autonomous administrative division which have been given autonomy within their respective states )in the state of Assam . it is made up of four districts namely [2] (headquarter), Chirang , Baksa and Udalgiri on the north bank of Brahmaputra river .it is administered by an elected body known as Bodoland territorial council which came into existence under the terms of peace agreement signed on 9^th february [3] .Bodo or Boro people is the largest ethnolinguistic group in the state of assam ,they constitute around 5-6% population of Assam. They are the earliest settlers of Assam .The first Bodo accord was signed with [1] in 1993. It led to the creation of Bodoland Autonomous Council with some limited political powers .In 2003 the second Bodo accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force, the centre and the state. This led to the creation of Bodo Territorial Council which is an autonomous body under the [4] of the COI. Now on 27 January 2020 a new peace Tripartite agreement signed between the government of India , government of Assam on one side and the National Democratic front of Bodoland (NDFB) , The [1](ABSU) and United Bodo Peoples Organisation (UBPO) on the other.Bodo territorial Area District is now renamed as Bodo Territorial region .Under the terms of the agreement : a bodo territorial region was formed with enhanced executive and legislative powers .the bodo territorial council will have competency over almost all areas defined under the sixth schedule of the COI and its membership will be increased from 40 to [5] .New District will be created and the Bodoland will also have the right to be represented at national level sports and cultural events such as National games of india and the khelo india youth games.A cancer hospital, a railway coach factory and central university are some other developments to be made under the 2020 peace agreement.PM Modi also announces rs.[6] crore package for the bodo areas.

Q.6 After the Bodo peace accord 2020 PM Modi announces how many crores package for the bodo areas ?

The decision to settle displaced Brus in Tripura is humanitarian, but could lead to conflicts in the State.

A quadripartite agreement in New Delhi on January 16 allowed some 35,000 Bru tribal people, who were displaced from Mizoram and are living in Tripura as refugees since 1997, to settle permanently in Tripura. The Centre, State governments of Tripura and Mizoram, and representatives of Bru organisations signed the agreement in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah. The “solution” has evoked mixed reactions with rights activists fearing it could “legitimise” the ejection of minority communities by ethnocentric states.

Who are the Brus and how did they become internally displaced?

The Brus, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam. In Mizoram, they are scattered in Kolasib, Lunglei and Mamit districts. While many Brus of Assam and Tripura are Hindu, the Brus of Mizoram converted to Christianity over the years. Clashes in 1995 with the majority Mizos led to the demand for the removal of the Brus, perceived to be non-indigenous, from Mizoram’s electoral rolls. This led to an armed movement by a Bru outfit, which killed a Mizo forest official in October 1997. The retaliatory ethnic violence saw more than 40,000 Brus fleeing to adjoining Tripura where they took shelter in six relief camps.

Have there been efforts to repatriate them?

The Centre and the two State governments involved made nine attempts to resettle the Brus in Mizoram. The first was in November 2010 when 1,622 Bru families with 8,573 members went back. Protests by Mizo NGOs, primarily the Young Mizo Association, stalled the process in 2011, 2012 and 2015. Meanwhile, the Brus began demanding relief on a par with the relief given to Kashmiri Pandits and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees. The Centre spent close to ₹500 crore for relief and rehabilitation until the last peace deal was brokered over three years since 2015. A final package of ₹435 crore was arrived at in July 2018 and it involved Mizo NGOs besides the governments concerned.

Why did the Mizoram rehabilitation package not work out?

The package covered 32,876 members of 5,407 Bru families, entailing a one-time assistance of ₹4 lakh as fixed deposit within a month of repatriation, monthly cash assistance of ₹5,000 through DBT, free rations for two years, and ₹1.5 lakh in three instalments as house-building assistance. The package also included Eklavya residential schools, permanent residential and ST certificates besides funds to the Mizoram government for improving security in Bru resettlement areas. The refugees were given a deadline, September 30, to move or face harder times at the relief camps. But most stayed back, demanding resettlement in close-knit clusters and an autonomous council for Brus in Mizoram.

What are the implications of the Tripura resettlement?

The BJP-led Tripura government agreed. Chief Minister Biplab Deb called the “solution” within Tripura historic, as did his Mizoram counterpart Zoramthanga. Guwahati-based researcher on social issues and conflicts, Walter Fernandes, said the decision was humanitarian from the point of view of the Brus, who were apprehensive about returning to Mizoram, but felt it could lead to conflicts with the locals of Tripura. Delhi-based rights activist Suhas Chakma said it could set a bad precedent, encouraging ethnocentric states to eject minorities of all hues besides making the Brus of Mizoram opt for the rehabilitation package in the relative safety of Tripura. The displaced Brus who returned to Mizoram have already begun demanding a package equivalent to the one those who stayed behind in the Tripura relief camps would be getting. And conflicts between the Brus and the local Bengali non-tribal people have started taking place in Tripura.

Q.1 Bru's are lso known as ?

The decision to settle displaced Brus in Tripura is humanitarian, but could lead to conflicts in the State.

A quadripartite agreement in New Delhi on January 16 allowed some 35,000 Bru tribal people, who were displaced from Mizoram and are living in Tripura as refugees since 1997, to settle permanently in Tripura. The Centre, State governments of Tripura and Mizoram, and representatives of Bru organisations signed the agreement in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah. The “solution” has evoked mixed reactions with rights activists fearing it could “legitimise” the ejection of minority communities by ethnocentric states.

Who are the Brus and how did they become internally displaced?

The Brus, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam. In Mizoram, they are scattered in Kolasib, Lunglei and Mamit districts. While many Brus of Assam and Tripura are Hindu, the Brus of Mizoram converted to Christianity over the years. Clashes in 1995 with the majority Mizos led to the demand for the removal of the Brus, perceived to be non-indigenous, from Mizoram’s electoral rolls. This led to an armed movement by a Bru outfit, which killed a Mizo forest official in October 1997. The retaliatory ethnic violence saw more than 40,000 Brus fleeing to adjoining Tripura where they took shelter in six relief camps.

Have there been efforts to repatriate them?

The Centre and the two State governments involved made nine attempts to resettle the Brus in Mizoram. The first was in November 2010 when 1,622 Bru families with 8,573 members went back. Protests by Mizo NGOs, primarily the Young Mizo Association, stalled the process in 2011, 2012 and 2015. Meanwhile, the Brus began demanding relief on a par with the relief given to Kashmiri Pandits and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees. The Centre spent close to ₹500 crore for relief and rehabilitation until the last peace deal was brokered over three years since 2015. A final package of ₹435 crore was arrived at in July 2018 and it involved Mizo NGOs besides the governments concerned.

Why did the Mizoram rehabilitation package not work out?

The package covered 32,876 members of 5,407 Bru families, entailing a one-time assistance of ₹4 lakh as fixed deposit within a month of repatriation, monthly cash assistance of ₹5,000 through DBT, free rations for two years, and ₹1.5 lakh in three instalments as house-building assistance. The package also included Eklavya residential schools, permanent residential and ST certificates besides funds to the Mizoram government for improving security in Bru resettlement areas. The refugees were given a deadline, September 30, to move or face harder times at the relief camps. But most stayed back, demanding resettlement in close-knit clusters and an autonomous council for Brus in Mizoram.

What are the implications of the Tripura resettlement?

The BJP-led Tripura government agreed. Chief Minister Biplab Deb called the “solution” within Tripura historic, as did his Mizoram counterpart Zoramthanga. Guwahati-based researcher on social issues and conflicts, Walter Fernandes, said the decision was humanitarian from the point of view of the Brus, who were apprehensive about returning to Mizoram, but felt it could lead to conflicts with the locals of Tripura. Delhi-based rights activist Suhas Chakma said it could set a bad precedent, encouraging ethnocentric states to eject minorities of all hues besides making the Brus of Mizoram opt for the rehabilitation package in the relative safety of Tripura. The displaced Brus who returned to Mizoram have already begun demanding a package equivalent to the one those who stayed behind in the Tripura relief camps would be getting. And conflicts between the Brus and the local Bengali non-tribal people have started taking place in Tripura.

Q.2 Who was th cheif minister of Mizoram during year 1997 clashes ?

The decision to settle displaced Brus in Tripura is humanitarian, but could lead to conflicts in the State.

A quadripartite agreement in New Delhi on January 16 allowed some 35,000 Bru tribal people, who were displaced from Mizoram and are living in Tripura as refugees since 1997, to settle permanently in Tripura. The Centre, State governments of Tripura and Mizoram, and representatives of Bru organisations signed the agreement in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah. The “solution” has evoked mixed reactions with rights activists fearing it could “legitimise” the ejection of minority communities by ethnocentric states.

Who are the Brus and how did they become internally displaced?

The Brus, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam. In Mizoram, they are scattered in Kolasib, Lunglei and Mamit districts. While many Brus of Assam and Tripura are Hindu, the Brus of Mizoram converted to Christianity over the years. Clashes in 1995 with the majority Mizos led to the demand for the removal of the Brus, perceived to be non-indigenous, from Mizoram’s electoral rolls. This led to an armed movement by a Bru outfit, which killed a Mizo forest official in October 1997. The retaliatory ethnic violence saw more than 40,000 Brus fleeing to adjoining Tripura where they took shelter in six relief camps.

Have there been efforts to repatriate them?

The Centre and the two State governments involved made nine attempts to resettle the Brus in Mizoram. The first was in November 2010 when 1,622 Bru families with 8,573 members went back. Protests by Mizo NGOs, primarily the Young Mizo Association, stalled the process in 2011, 2012 and 2015. Meanwhile, the Brus began demanding relief on a par with the relief given to Kashmiri Pandits and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees. The Centre spent close to ₹500 crore for relief and rehabilitation until the last peace deal was brokered over three years since 2015. A final package of ₹435 crore was arrived at in July 2018 and it involved Mizo NGOs besides the governments concerned.

Why did the Mizoram rehabilitation package not work out?

The package covered 32,876 members of 5,407 Bru families, entailing a one-time assistance of ₹4 lakh as fixed deposit within a month of repatriation, monthly cash assistance of ₹5,000 through DBT, free rations for two years, and ₹1.5 lakh in three instalments as house-building assistance. The package also included Eklavya residential schools, permanent residential and ST certificates besides funds to the Mizoram government for improving security in Bru resettlement areas. The refugees were given a deadline, September 30, to move or face harder times at the relief camps. But most stayed back, demanding resettlement in close-knit clusters and an autonomous council for Brus in Mizoram.

What are the implications of the Tripura resettlement?

The BJP-led Tripura government agreed. Chief Minister Biplab Deb called the “solution” within Tripura historic, as did his Mizoram counterpart Zoramthanga. Guwahati-based researcher on social issues and conflicts, Walter Fernandes, said the decision was humanitarian from the point of view of the Brus, who were apprehensive about returning to Mizoram, but felt it could lead to conflicts with the locals of Tripura. Delhi-based rights activist Suhas Chakma said it could set a bad precedent, encouraging ethnocentric states to eject minorities of all hues besides making the Brus of Mizoram opt for the rehabilitation package in the relative safety of Tripura. The displaced Brus who returned to Mizoram have already begun demanding a package equivalent to the one those who stayed behind in the Tripura relief camps would be getting. And conflicts between the Brus and the local Bengali non-tribal people have started taking place in Tripura.

Q.3 The demand to rehabilitate the Brus in Tripura was first raised by the scion of the Tripura royal family. What was his name ?

The decision to settle displaced Brus in Tripura is humanitarian, but could lead to conflicts in the State.

A quadripartite agreement in New Delhi on January 16 allowed some 35,000 Bru tribal people, who were displaced from Mizoram and are living in Tripura as refugees since 1997, to settle permanently in Tripura. The Centre, State governments of Tripura and Mizoram, and representatives of Bru organisations signed the agreement in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah. The “solution” has evoked mixed reactions with rights activists fearing it could “legitimise” the ejection of minority communities by ethnocentric states.

Who are the Brus and how did they become internally displaced?

The Brus, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam. In Mizoram, they are scattered in Kolasib, Lunglei and Mamit districts. While many Brus of Assam and Tripura are Hindu, the Brus of Mizoram converted to Christianity over the years. Clashes in 1995 with the majority Mizos led to the demand for the removal of the Brus, perceived to be non-indigenous, from Mizoram’s electoral rolls. This led to an armed movement by a Bru outfit, which killed a Mizo forest official in October 1997. The retaliatory ethnic violence saw more than 40,000 Brus fleeing to adjoining Tripura where they took shelter in six relief camps.

Have there been efforts to repatriate them?

The Centre and the two State governments involved made nine attempts to resettle the Brus in Mizoram. The first was in November 2010 when 1,622 Bru families with 8,573 members went back. Protests by Mizo NGOs, primarily the Young Mizo Association, stalled the process in 2011, 2012 and 2015. Meanwhile, the Brus began demanding relief on a par with the relief given to Kashmiri Pandits and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees. The Centre spent close to ₹500 crore for relief and rehabilitation until the last peace deal was brokered over three years since 2015. A final package of ₹435 crore was arrived at in July 2018 and it involved Mizo NGOs besides the governments concerned.

Why did the Mizoram rehabilitation package not work out?

The package covered 32,876 members of 5,407 Bru families, entailing a one-time assistance of ₹4 lakh as fixed deposit within a month of repatriation, monthly cash assistance of ₹5,000 through DBT, free rations for two years, and ₹1.5 lakh in three instalments as house-building assistance. The package also included Eklavya residential schools, permanent residential and ST certificates besides funds to the Mizoram government for improving security in Bru resettlement areas. The refugees were given a deadline, September 30, to move or face harder times at the relief camps. But most stayed back, demanding resettlement in close-knit clusters and an autonomous council for Brus in Mizoram.

What are the implications of the Tripura resettlement?

The BJP-led Tripura government agreed. Chief Minister Biplab Deb called the “solution” within Tripura historic, as did his Mizoram counterpart Zoramthanga. Guwahati-based researcher on social issues and conflicts, Walter Fernandes, said the decision was humanitarian from the point of view of the Brus, who were apprehensive about returning to Mizoram, but felt it could lead to conflicts with the locals of Tripura. Delhi-based rights activist Suhas Chakma said it could set a bad precedent, encouraging ethnocentric states to eject minorities of all hues besides making the Brus of Mizoram opt for the rehabilitation package in the relative safety of Tripura. The displaced Brus who returned to Mizoram have already begun demanding a package equivalent to the one those who stayed behind in the Tripura relief camps would be getting. And conflicts between the Brus and the local Bengali non-tribal people have started taking place in Tripura.

Q.4 Which of the following language did Bru's speak ?

The decision to settle displaced Brus in Tripura is humanitarian, but could lead to conflicts in the State.

A quadripartite agreement in New Delhi on January 16 allowed some 35,000 Bru tribal people, who were displaced from Mizoram and are living in Tripura as refugees since 1997, to settle permanently in Tripura. The Centre, State governments of Tripura and Mizoram, and representatives of Bru organisations signed the agreement in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah. The “solution” has evoked mixed reactions with rights activists fearing it could “legitimise” the ejection of minority communities by ethnocentric states.

Who are the Brus and how did they become internally displaced?

The Brus, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam. In Mizoram, they are scattered in Kolasib, Lunglei and Mamit districts. While many Brus of Assam and Tripura are Hindu, the Brus of Mizoram converted to Christianity over the years. Clashes in 1995 with the majority Mizos led to the demand for the removal of the Brus, perceived to be non-indigenous, from Mizoram’s electoral rolls. This led to an armed movement by a Bru outfit, which killed a Mizo forest official in October 1997. The retaliatory ethnic violence saw more than 40,000 Brus fleeing to adjoining Tripura where they took shelter in six relief camps.

Have there been efforts to repatriate them?

The Centre and the two State governments involved made nine attempts to resettle the Brus in Mizoram. The first was in November 2010 when 1,622 Bru families with 8,573 members went back. Protests by Mizo NGOs, primarily the Young Mizo Association, stalled the process in 2011, 2012 and 2015. Meanwhile, the Brus began demanding relief on a par with the relief given to Kashmiri Pandits and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees. The Centre spent close to ₹500 crore for relief and rehabilitation until the last peace deal was brokered over three years since 2015. A final package of ₹435 crore was arrived at in July 2018 and it involved Mizo NGOs besides the governments concerned.

Why did the Mizoram rehabilitation package not work out?

The package covered 32,876 members of 5,407 Bru families, entailing a one-time assistance of ₹4 lakh as fixed deposit within a month of repatriation, monthly cash assistance of ₹5,000 through DBT, free rations for two years, and ₹1.5 lakh in three instalments as house-building assistance. The package also included Eklavya residential schools, permanent residential and ST certificates besides funds to the Mizoram government for improving security in Bru resettlement areas. The refugees were given a deadline, September 30, to move or face harder times at the relief camps. But most stayed back, demanding resettlement in close-knit clusters and an autonomous council for Brus in Mizoram.

What are the implications of the Tripura resettlement?

The BJP-led Tripura government agreed. Chief Minister Biplab Deb called the “solution” within Tripura historic, as did his Mizoram counterpart Zoramthanga. Guwahati-based researcher on social issues and conflicts, Walter Fernandes, said the decision was humanitarian from the point of view of the Brus, who were apprehensive about returning to Mizoram, but felt it could lead to conflicts with the locals of Tripura. Delhi-based rights activist Suhas Chakma said it could set a bad precedent, encouraging ethnocentric states to eject minorities of all hues besides making the Brus of Mizoram opt for the rehabilitation package in the relative safety of Tripura. The displaced Brus who returned to Mizoram have already begun demanding a package equivalent to the one those who stayed behind in the Tripura relief camps would be getting. And conflicts between the Brus and the local Bengali non-tribal people have started taking place in Tripura.

Q.5 Which of the following is the folk dance of Bru's tribe ?