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AP Psychology Final Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Excessive dopamine is to ____________ as too little dopamine is to _____________.
a)
Parkinson's disease; schizophrenia
b)
Schizophrenia; Parkinson's disease
c)
Antisocial personality disorder; schizoid personality disorder
d)
Schizophrenia; depression
2.
Researchers have linked a decrease in acetylcholine to which disease?
a)
Parkinson's
b)
schizophrenia
c)
depression
d)
Alzheimer's
3.
Receives sensory information and relays it to the proper part of brain for further processing
a)
Hypothalamus
b)
Reticular Formation
c)
Cerebellum
d)
Thalamus
4.
The oldest part of the brain
a)
Brainstem
b)
Cerebral Cortex
c)
Limbic System
d)
Forebrain
5.
The ego avoids anxiety by believing impulses coming from within are really coming from other people. 
a)
Projection
b)
Reaction Formation
c)
Denial
d)
Rationalization
6.
Refers to redirecting a forbidden desire into a socially acceptable desire
a)
Displacement
b)
Sublimation
c)
Reaction Formation
d)
Rationalization
7.
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:
a)
Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
b)
Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
c)
Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
d)
Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs
8.
Negative reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.
a)
Increases; decreases
b)
Decreases; increases
c)
Decreases; decreases
d)
Increases; does not affect
9.
Micah really enjoyed his mom’s homemade apple pie, and he would have a huge slice every time she baked it. When he went to visit a friend, he tried a piece of apple pie that his friend’s mom had made. Unfortunately, it was terrible. Now Micah will only eat his mom’s apple pie; if anyone else offers him a piece of pie he politely turns them down. Micah’s behavior toward apple pie illustrates the concept of:
a)
Stimulus discrimination
b)
Stimulus generalization
c)
Noncontingent reinforcement
d)
Observational learning
10.
It is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of:
a)
a set point
b)
homeostasis
c)
a drive
d)
an instinct
11.
If a test is reliable, it means that
a)
it is given in the same way every time.
b)
it tests what it is suppose to test.
c)
it is a fair assessment.
d)
it yields consistent results.
12.

This perspective says that behavior has an adaptive or survival value.

a)

evolutionary

b)

humanistic

c)

positive

d)

social

13.

An industrial-organizational psychologist would study the

a)

cognitive development of adults

b)

effectiveness of management training

c)

industrialization of the United States

d)

recreational activities in a community center

14.
Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
a)
personality psychology
b)
biological psychology
c)
clinical psychology
d)
developmental psychology
15.

Georgia wants to use her knowledge of psychology to help employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select?

a)

industrial-organizational

b)

clinical

c)

educational

d)

developmental

16.
Which perspective would be most likely to state behavior is motivated by self-actualization and the promise of human potential?
a)
Evolutionary
b)
Humanistic
c)
Biochemical 
d)
Sociocultural
17.

Token economies would be use by which type of psychologist?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Humanistic

d)

Evolutionary

18.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
19.

The scatter plot below shows the number of books read by students in Mrs. Hall’s English class and their final grades. Which statement represents the best description about the line of best fit?

a)

A) The more books students read, the lower their English grade.

b)

B) The more books students read, the higher their English grade.

c)

C) The fewer books students read, the higher their English grade.

d)

D) No relationship exists between the number of books students read and their English grades.

20.

What type of correlation (association)?

The outside temperature and the amount of layers you wear.

a)

A) Positive correlation

b)

B) Negative correlation

c)

D) No correlation

21.

Describe the correlation in the graph shown.

a)

A) Strong Negative

b)

B) Strong Positive

c)

C) Weak Negative

d)

D) No Correlation

22.

Which of the following is the strongest correlation?

a)

-.93

b)

-.17

c)

.23

d)

.84

23.
What percentage of the population score within one standard deviation above and below the mean?
a)
95%
b)
14%
c)
68%
d)
50%
24.

Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?

a)

Random assignment

b)

Debriefing

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Subject matching

e)

Correlational study

25.

Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism students' data may not be generalizable due to...

a)

A lack of debriefing

b)

Sampling bias

c)

Participant bias

d)

Social desirability bias

e)

Placebo effects

26.

Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association (APA) help ensure that human participants in psychological research...

a)

Get paid for their time and trouble

b)

Have not participated in similar research in the past

c)

Are protected from physical and psychological harm

d)

Understand the ypotheses of the researcher before they take part

e)

Keep the purposes of the research project confidential

27.

Testing Freshmen, Sophomores, and Juniors at the beginning of the school year demonstrates which research design?

a)

longitudinal

b)

naturalistic observation

c)

case study

d)

cross-sectional

28.
Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories?
a)
medulla
b)
hippocampus
c)
thalamus
d)
hypothalamus
29.
What lobe of the brain processes visual information?
a)
Frontal 
b)
Parietal 
c)
Temporal 
d)
Occipital
30.
The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________
a)
eating; sleeping
b)
memory; attention
c)
breathing; walking
d)
emotion; motivation
31.
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
a)
cerebral cortex.
b)
cerebellum.
c)
medulla.
d)
hippocampus.
32.
language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production
a)
Broca's area
b)
auditory cortex
c)
visual cortex
d)
Wernicke's area
33.
emotional center of brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, memory
a)
endocrine system
b)
nervous system
c)
limbic system
d)
gland system
34.

Which part of the brain helps to control emotions, especially fear and rage?

a)

Hippocampus

b)

Amygdala

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Medulla

e)

Pons

35.

Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

a)

Amygdala

b)

Hippocampus

c)

Pituitary gland

d)

Lateral ventricle

e)

Cerebellum

36.

Which are of the brain is not well developed until after three years of age, offering a possible explanation for infantile amnesia?

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Cerebellum

c)

Pons

d)

Thalamus

e)

Hippocampus

37.
Regulates your hunger, thirst, body temperature
a)
hypothalamus
b)
Cerebrum
c)
Amygdala
d)
reticular formation
38.

This controls sleep, breathing, and hearing. It is part of the brain stem

a)

corpus callosum

b)

thalamus

c)

pons

d)

limbic system

39.
After a stressful or scary situation, your body starts to calm back down.  What subsystem controls this shift back to regular functioning? 
a)
Sympathetic
b)
Parasympathetic
c)
Somatic
d)
Peripheral
40.

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

a)

Schizophrenia

b)

Epilepsy

c)

Narcolepsy

d)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

e)

Major depressive disorder

41.

Alexa is presenting a project in front of her class. She starts sweating and her heart rate increases. This is an example of the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic division.

a)

True

b)

False

42.
damage this area and we would continue to eat
a)
ventromedial hypothalamus
b)
lateral hypothamalus
43.
if we damage this structure we would starve to death
a)
ventromedial hypothalmus
b)
lateral hypothalamus
44.

Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?

a)

reticular formation

b)

cerebellum

c)

hypothalamus

d)

amygdala

e)

medulla

45.
Which of the following might help Larry see the subtle difference between two colors the best?
a)
The cones in the fovea
b)
The cones in the peripheral of the retnia
c)
The rods in the fovea
d)
The rods in the peripheral of the retina
46.
Which theory of color vision states that the thalmaus will produce afterimages of black-white, red-green, and blue-yellow colors when overly stimulated?
a)
Young-Helmholtz
b)
Place
c)
Parallel Processing
d)
Opponent Processing
47.

In the human eye, rods are to _________, as cones are to ________.

a)

light/ color

b)

color/ light

c)

monochromat/ dichromat

d)

dichromat/ monochromat

e)

lens/ iris

48.

If you are expecting an important text message, you are much more likely to notice the sound as soon as the message arrives. This best illustrates...

a)

priming

b)

signal detection theory

c)

difference threshold

d)

absolute threshold

e)

Weber's law

49.
Rather than saying a person is “colorblind,” it would be more accurate to say that the person:
a)
has a blind spot.
b)
lacks red- or green-sensitive cones.
c)
is experiencing an overstimulation of the red- and green-sensitive cones.
d)
has an excess of blue-sensitive cones. 
50.

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?

a)

cochlea cells

b)

feature detectors

c)

rods and cones

d)

bipolar cells

51.

Frequency theory best explains _______, while place theory best explains ________.

a)

how we process red, green, and blue light; why we experience color afterimages

b)

how we perceive low-pitched sounds; how we perceive high-pitched sounds

c)

how touch sensations involve more than tactile stimulation; why stroking a pressure spot leads to the sensation of a tickle

d)

how phantom limb sensations occur; how stimulation of the larger fibers in the spinal cord stop pain

52.
Olfaction refers to which sense?
a)
Smell
b)
Taste
c)
Touch
d)
Sight
53.
The idea that pain can only be experienced if pain messages can pass through a gate in the spinal cord on their way to the brain.
a)
place theory
b)
gate control theory
c)
opponent process theory
54.

The fact that we don't read the two "the's" in this image demonstrates how our expectations can override our sensory input. What is this process called?

a)

Bottom-Up Processing

b)

Top-Down Processing

c)

Selective Attention

d)

Inattentional Blindness

55.

A type of snoring in which the person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more.

a)

Sleep Apnea

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Microsleep

d)

Insomnia

56.

The inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep.

a)

Insomnia

b)

Sleep Apnea

c)

Narcolepsy

d)

Microsleep

57.

Drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system. Amphetamines, Cocaine, Nicotine, Caffeine.

a)

Stimulants

b)

Depressants

c)

Hallucinogenics

58.

Caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as _______

a)

alcohol

b)

cocaine

c)

valium

d)

tranquilizers

59.

In which stage do vivid dreams occur?

a)

REM

b)

NREM-1

c)

NREM-2

d)

NREM-3

60.

Which disorder is characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks, in which a sufferer may slip directly into REM sleep

a)

Insomnia

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Sleep Apnea

d)

Night Terrors

61.
Which dream theory suggests dreams are the mind's attempt to make sense of random neural activity in the brain while one sleeps?
a)
information processing
b)
physiological function
c)
activation synthesis
d)
cognitive development
62.

Which is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?

a)

Decreased pain sensation and decreased anxiety

b)

The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input

c)

Slower bodily functions

d)

The experience of brief euphoria followed by a depressive state

63.
A little girl gets to eat dessert because she finished all the food on her plate. This is an example of:  
a)
Positive punishment
b)
Negative punishment
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Negative Reinforcement
64.
When Little Albert generalized his fear of the white rat that meant 
a)
he feared all furry things
b)
he distinguished between the bell and the gong
c)
he learned the association between the gong and the rat
d)
he suddenly feared rats after successful extinction
65.
Carly used to feel nausea when going to McDonalds because she associated the food with illness.  After a few good meals there, she no longer feels the nausea. Which prinicple?
a)
spontaneous recovery
b)
extinction
c)
second-order conditioning
d)
generalization
66.
Parents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.”  Parents are using           
a)
positive punishment
b)
negative punishment
c)
positive reinforcement
d)
classical conditioning
67.
After being bitten by her neighbor's dog, Ana is now scared of all dogs. 
 Her fear has been
a)
generalized
b)
extinct
c)
discrimination
68.
A memory from our own personal life is a
a)
Echoic Memory
b)
Prospective Memory
c)
Episodic Memory
d)
Semantic Memory
69.
Part of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.
a)
Declarative memory
b)
Acoustic memory
Elaborative memory
c)
Acoustic memory
d)
Procedural memory
70.

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

a)

unlimited in capacity

b)

limited in capacity

c)

long-lasting

d)

resistant to decay

71.

In Elizabeth Loftus’ study of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was the....

a)

number of pictures the students were shown of the accident

b)

location of the accident

c)

wording of questions the students were asked about the accident

d)

sex and age of student

72.

Learning how to swim would be an example of which type of memory?

a)

procedural

b)

short-term

c)

semantic

d)

sensory

73.

Which of the following is the best example of fluid intelligence?

a)

Reciting the names of all the continents in the world without looking at a map

b)

Using cubes to figure out the solution to a previously unseen puzzle

c)

Giving an adequate definition of a difficult word

74.

Which of the multiple intelligences posited by Howard Gardner is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence?

a)

linguistic

b)

intrapersonal

c)

spatial

d)

kinesthetic

75.

Jack is learning to understand algebra. He loves to discuss philosophical issues with his friends, and is exploring various religious beliefs. Jack is in Jean Piaget’s __________ stage.

a)

preoperational

b)

sensorimotor

c)

formal operational

d)

concrete operational

76.

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of:

a)

conservation.

b)

assimilation.

c)

habituation.

d)

accommodation.

77.

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of:

a)

secure attachment.

b)

object permanence.

c)

egocentrism.

d)

stranger anxiety.

78.

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

a)

preconventional

b)

authoritative

c)

formal operational

d)

authoritarian

79.

According to Erik Erikson, the task of the adolescent is to:

a)

find intimacy.

b)

establish an identity.

c)

become autonomous.

d)

conquer their sense of inferiority.

80.

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:

a)

egocentrism.

b)

accommodation.

c)

insecure attachment.

d)

habituation.

81.

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

a)

sense of object permanence.

b)

concept of conservation.

c)

capacity for habituation.

d)

secure attachment.

82.

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

a)

preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor

b)

sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational

c)

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

d)

preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational

83.

Erik Erikson suggested that a sense of basic trust during infancy results from

a)

habituation.

b)

object permanence.

c)

responsive parenting.

d)

accommodation.

84.

Lacking any exposure to language before adolescence, a person will never master any language due to the ________ of unemployed neural connections.

a)

habituation

b)

maturation

c)

pruning

d)

imprinting

85.

Children, even more than teens and adults, are likely to assume that something will be clear to others if it is clear to them. This curse of knowledge illustrates

a)

assimilation.

b)

egocentrism.

c)

imprinting.

d)

habituation.

86.

Piaget is to cognitive development as Erikson is to ________ development.

a)

psychosocial

b)

physical

c)

emotional

d)

moral

87.

______________ is the idea that physiological needs create an aroused state that motivates an organism to reduce the need.

a)

Instinct theory

b)

Drive-reduction theory

c)

Self-assertion instinct

d)

Arousal theory

e)

Hierarchy of needs

88.

____________ explains why, when our biological needs are satisfied, we may still feel driven to experience stimulation.

a)

Incentive

b)

Homeostasis

c)

Instinct

d)

Arousal

e)

Physiology

89.

What do we call a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior?

a)

Incentive

b)

Refractory period

c)

Emotion

d)

Motivation

e)

Instinct

90.

What is the tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state?

a)

Hierarchy of needs

b)

Basal metabolic rate

c)

Homeostasis

d)

Instinct

e)

Theory of Motivation

91.

Which approach best represents the "Approach Approach Conflict"?

a)

Telling your wife that her hair looks bad. The good is she’ll fix it. The bad is she might be mad at you for a few hours.

b)

You must choose between 2 equally unattractive options.

c)

When we have 2 desirable things to choose from. Both Beyonceand Tyra Banks want to date you.

92.

The Incentive Theory of motivation

a)

is based on rewards for completing a tasks e.g. I go to work to get paid.

b)

is based on the need for stimulation so that we find an interesting task to participate in e.g. play a game.

c)

is based on the need for speed.

93.

What is the second phase of general adaptation syndrome?

a)

Alarm reaction

b)

Plateau

c)

Resistance

d)

Resolution

94.

Which theory states that easy tasks require a high-moderate level whereas more difficult tasks require a low-moderate level?

a)

Cannon Bard

b)

Yerkes-Dodson Law

c)

James-Lange

d)

Psychoanalytic

95.

Which theory of emotion states that a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion?

a)

Cannon Bard

b)

James Lange Theory

c)

2 Factor

96.

Which theory of emotion states that the physiological reaction and the emotion occur at the same time?

a)

2 factor theory

b)

Cannon-Bard theory

c)

James-Lange theory

97.

Which theory of emotion states that both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced?

a)

James-Lange theory

b)

Cannon-Bard theory

c)

Schachter and Singer 2 Factor theory

98.

What do we call the hard-driving, anger prone personality type which is at higher risk for heart attack?

a)

Type B

b)

Type A

c)

Type D

d)

Type E

99.

Maslow described the process of reaching Self-Actualization using a model called the

a)

Triangle of Death.

b)

Triangle of Needs.

c)

Hierarchy of Needs.

d)

Drive Reduction.

100.
Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by _____________ needs, according to Maslow. 
a)
safety
b)
belongingness
c)
achievement
d)
self-actualization

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