In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state governments and local governmnets. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for number of reasons.

First, the federal government is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after like defense.

Similarly, the state governments look after the middle size things. For example they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school.

Finally, local government look after the small things. They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have disease.

Thus for the reason above, we can conclude that the three levels of government are necessary.

Who is responsible for defense?

In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state governments and local governmnets. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for number of reasons.

First, the federal government is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after like defense.

Similarly, the state governments look after the middle size things. For example they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school.

Finally, local government look after the small things. They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have disease.

Thus for the reason above, we can conclude that the three levels of government are necessary.

The little management is the responsibility of ....

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.

Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.

Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and environment as well.

So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don’t affect the ecological balance and environment.

Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.

Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.

Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.

Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and environment as well.

So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don’t affect the ecological balance and environment.

Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.

What can you say about paragraph two and four?

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.

Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.

Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and environment as well.

So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don’t affect the ecological balance and environment.

Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.

One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is ....

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.

Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.

Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and environment as well.

So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don’t affect the ecological balance and environment.

Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. (par. 3).

The word resistant in the sentence above means ....

As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of these illness are so bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.

What one of the diseases caused by pollution?

As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of these illness are so bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.

What tense is mostly used in the text?

As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of these illness are so bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.

We usually call the last paragraph as ....

As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of these illness are so bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.

The following sentences are true, except ....

I strongly believe that mobile phones are necessary. My reason for this belief are that these phones are convenient for business people who travel a lot, ans they are handy for emergencies.

To begin with, mobile phones are necessary in the case of emergencies. For instance, if you fall down a set of stairs in a building and are badly injured and can’t reach a pay phone, it is handy to have one to use. Or, if your car breaks down in the middle of the night in a strange neighbourhood, it would be dangerous to leave it in search of a public phone booth.

My other main reason is that mobile phones are convenient for business people. For example, if you are out of the state or even overseas and you have to cantact a client to do some important work, it is useful to have one to use. By using a mobile phone, important information can be received. People can’t stay in an office all day waiting for their phone to ring. Some people have to go and do jobs or they will go out of business. You can even send faxes or messages and use the internet with your mobile.

In conclusion, I believe that mobile phones have now become a necessary part of every day life. Instant communication will ensure that information can be passed on with a simple press of a button. Whether this is to do with business or personal information or emergencies, it goes to show that they are necessary in the new millenium.

How many reasons are used to support the writer’s opinion?

I strongly believe that mobile phones are necessary. My reason for this belief are that these phones are convenient for business people who travel a lot, ans they are handy for emergencies.

To begin with, mobile phones are necessary in the case of emergencies. For instance, if you fall down a set of stairs in a building and are badly injured and can’t reach a pay phone, it is handy to have one to use. Or, if your car breaks down in the middle of the night in a strange neighbourhood, it would be dangerous to leave it in search of a public phone booth.

My other main reason is that mobile phones are convenient for business people. For example, if you are out of the state or even overseas and you have to cantact a client to do some important work, it is useful to have one to use. By using a mobile phone, important information can be received. People can’t stay in an office all day waiting for their phone to ring. Some people have to go and do jobs or they will go out of business. You can even send faxes or messages and use the internet with your mobile.

In conclusion, I believe that mobile phones have now become a necessary part of every day life. Instant communication will ensure that information can be passed on with a simple press of a button. Whether this is to do with business or personal information or emergencies, it goes to show that they are necessary in the new millenium.

Why are mobile phones very convenient for bussines people?

I strongly believe that mobile phones are necessary. My reason for this belief are that these phones are convenient for business people who travel a lot, ans they are handy for emergencies.

To begin with, mobile phones are necessary in the case of emergencies. For instance, if you fall down a set of stairs in a building and are badly injured and can’t reach a pay phone, it is handy to have one to use. Or, if your car breaks down in the middle of the night in a strange neighbourhood, it would be dangerous to leave it in search of a public phone booth.

My other main reason is that mobile phones are convenient for business people. For example, if you are out of the state or even overseas and you have to cantact a client to do some important work, it is useful to have one to use. By using a mobile phone, important information can be received. People can’t stay in an office all day waiting for their phone to ring. Some people have to go and do jobs or they will go out of business. You can even send faxes or messages and use the internet with your mobile.

In conclusion, I believe that mobile phones have now become a necessary part of every day life. Instant communication will ensure that information can be passed on with a simple press of a button. Whether this is to do with business or personal information or emergencies, it goes to show that they are necessary in the new millenium.

What we called paragraph 3 in the text above?

Five Drinks to Help You Lose Weight

There are many ways to lose weight. You can do sports regularly and eat nutritious food and drinks. One thing you shold not forget is to make sure to consume healthy drinks. Soft drinks, fruit juices, and energy drinks that you often consume contain added sugars and carbohydrates that jeopardise our weight-loss strategy. Here are five drinks that won’t add to your weight.

First, water is the best weight loss drink. If you are bored with drinking pure water, you can try adding fresh lemon slices, lime, and cucumber, to add flsvour but not calories.

Second, vegetables juice provides you with the fibre and nutrients that your body needs to promote weight loss, as well as keep you full longer. Find vegetables that have low sodium levels.

Third, unsweetened tea. Green tea improves metabolism and accelerates weight loss. Black and oolong tea contain a lot of antioxidants, which can help clear your body of toxins.

Fourth, black coffee helps stimulate your weight loss as caffeine suppresses hunger when you drink it in the morning and afternoon. It also heats up the body and boosts metabolism.

Last, skimmed milk provides lean protein, vitamin D, and calcium that help you build muscles and keep your bones strong.

By choosing the right drinks, such as the five drinks mentioned, you can lose your weight and mantain your health.

What is the text about?

Five Drinks to Help You Lose Weight

There are many ways to lose weight. You can do sports regularly and eat nutritious food and drinks. One thing you shold not forget is to make sure to consume healthy drinks. Soft drinks, fruit juices, and energy drinks that you often consume contain added sugars and carbohydrates that jeopardise our weight-loss strategy. Here are five drinks that won’t add to your weight.

First, water is the best weight loss drink. If you are bored with drinking pure water, you can try adding fresh lemon slices, lime, and cucumber, to add flsvour but not calories.

Second, vegetables juice provides you with the fibre and nutrients that your body needs to promote weight loss, as well as keep you full longer. Find vegetables that have low sodium levels.

Third, unsweetened tea. Green tea improves metabolism and accelerates weight loss. Black and oolong tea contain a lot of antioxidants, which can help clear your body of toxins.

Fourth, black coffee helps stimulate your weight loss as caffeine suppresses hunger when you drink it in the morning and afternoon. It also heats up the body and boosts metabolism.

Last, skimmed milk provides lean protein, vitamin D, and calcium that help you build muscles and keep your bones strong.

By choosing the right drinks, such as the five drinks mentioned, you can lose your weight and mantain your health.

Which of the following drinks is NOT mentioned in the text?

Five Drinks to Help You Lose Weight

There are many ways to lose weight. You can do sports regularly and eat nutritious food and drinks. One thing you shold not forget is to make sure to consume healthy drinks. Soft drinks, fruit juices, and energy drinks that you often consume contain added sugars and carbohydrates that jeopardise our weight-loss strategy. Here are five drinks that won’t add to your weight.

First, water is the best weight loss drink. If you are bored with drinking pure water, you can try adding fresh lemon slices, lime, and cucumber, to add flsvour but not calories.

Second, vegetables juice provides you with the fibre and nutrients that your body needs to promote weight loss, as well as keep you full longer. Find vegetables that have low sodium levels.

Third, unsweetened tea. Green tea improves metabolism and accelerates weight loss. Black and oolong tea contain a lot of antioxidants, which can help clear your body of toxins.

Fourth, black coffee helps stimulate your weight loss as caffeine suppresses hunger when you drink it in the morning and afternoon. It also heats up the body and boosts metabolism.

Last, skimmed milk provides lean protein, vitamin D, and calcium that help you build muscles and keep your bones strong.

By choosing the right drinks, such as the five drinks mentioned, you can lose your weight and mantain your health.

According to the text, what can you do if you are bored with drinking pure water?

Five Drinks to Help You Lose Weight

There are many ways to lose weight. You can do sports regularly and eat nutritious food and drinks. One thing you shold not forget is to make sure to consume healthy drinks. Soft drinks, fruit juices, and energy drinks that you often consume contain added sugars and carbohydrates that jeopardise our weight-loss strategy. Here are five drinks that won’t add to your weight.

First, water is the best weight loss drink. If you are bored with drinking pure water, you can try adding fresh lemon slices, lime, and cucumber, to add flsvour but not calories.

Second, vegetables juice provides you with the fibre and nutrients that your body needs to promote weight loss, as well as keep you full longer. Find vegetables that have low sodium levels.

Third, unsweetened tea. Green tea improves metabolism and accelerates weight loss. Black and oolong tea contain a lot of antioxidants, which can help clear your body of toxins.

Fourth, black coffee helps stimulate your weight loss as caffeine suppresses hunger when you drink it in the morning and afternoon. It also heats up the body and boosts metabolism.

Last, skimmed milk provides lean protein, vitamin D, and calcium that help you build muscles and keep your bones strong.

By choosing the right drinks, such as the five drinks mentioned, you can lose your weight and mantain your health.

“It also heats up the body and boosts metabolisme”. (Paragraph 5).

What does the underlined word refer to?

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably notice that it gets warmer in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?

Season happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tits back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tits toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. This condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half of the world, winter happens during the months of December, January, and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other land, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July, and August. The regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

What kind of text is it?

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably notice that it gets warmer in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?

Season happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tits back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tits toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. This condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half of the world, winter happens during the months of December, January, and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other land, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July, and August. The regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

Seasons happen due to the influence of the ....

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably notice that it gets warmer in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?

Season happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tits back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tits toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. This condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half of the world, winter happens during the months of December, January, and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other land, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July, and August. The regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

The earth becomes cooler because ....

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably notice that it gets warmer in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?

Season happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tits back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tits toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. This condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half of the world, winter happens during the months of December, January, and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other land, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July, and August. The regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

December, January, and February indicate the happening of .... season in north

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably notice that it gets warmer in summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons change?

Season happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tits back and forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tits toward the sun. It makes half of the earth hotter. This condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half of the world, winter happens during the months of December, January, and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other land, the southern half of the world have winter during the months of June, July, and August. The regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

There are parts region that have the different season. It caused by ....

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped of the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from it shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

What is the text about?

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped of the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from it shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped of the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from it shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

“..., so they are often sorted and blended to produce ...” (Paragraph 3).

The underlined word is close in meaning to ....

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped of the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from it shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, through?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflakes is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

What does the writer think about snowfall?

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, through?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflakes is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

Snow happens in the air because ....

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, through?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflakes is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

Snow is the water that ...

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, through?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflakes is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

What is the purpose of the text?

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil.

To make or manufacture biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into biodiesel.

The process for converting vegetable oil into biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% biodiesel and 10% of glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

What is the text about?

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil.

To make or manufacture biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into biodiesel.

The process for converting vegetable oil into biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% biodiesel and 10% of glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

According to the text, one of the advantages in using biodiesel is ....

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil.

To make or manufacture biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into biodiesel.

The process for converting vegetable oil into biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% biodiesel and 10% of glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

What are interchanged in the process of ester interchange?

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil.

To make or manufacture biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into biodiesel.

The process for converting vegetable oil into biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% biodiesel and 10% of glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

“The process for converting vegetable oil ...” (Paragraph 3). The underlined word is closest in meaning to ....

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened . in the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.

What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened . in the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.

What is the main idea of paragraph two?

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened . in the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.

What is the main idea of paragraph three?