(a)   can be defined as the study of language in its contexts of use and above the level of the sentence.

The idea "One text cannot be understood except in relation to other texts which have gone before (and, indeed, which are likely to follow)" shows that discourse is (a)  

(a)   is a set of linguistic choices associated with a particular situation. These situations are usually related to professional activity (the language of teachers, doctors, students, and so forth) or interests (bridge-playing, bird-watching, music-making, and so forth).

Theme is the point of departure of a clause, what the clause is about, while (a)   refers to the pattern of themes across a stretch of text.

(a)   is a statistical meas­ure of the relative frequency of lexical words and grammatical words in a stretch of text.

With (a)   , we are concerned with the formal (but at the same time semantic) links between clauses, how an item - a pronoun, a noun or a conjunction - in one clause may refer backwards or forwards to another clause.

A (a)   item is a word or phrase, the identity of which can be determined by referring to other parts of the text or the situation.

With (a)   , a substitute word of phrase is replaced by another, for example, Which book do you want? I'll take the red one. In this example the word book is substituted by one.

"It" is defined as a variation on substitution. It is described by them as ‘substi­tution by zero', that is to say, something is omitted. Where (a)   occurs, something is left unsaid, it is true, but, at the same time, it is nevertheless understood.

(a)   is defined as a system for marking what they refer to as logicosemantic relations.

(a)   is the way in which words are used regularly together.

(a)   of a lexical item in a text may be by repetition of a word, use of a synonym, a near synonym, a superordinate or a general class word.

The remainder of the clause, what is not part of the theme, is referred to as the (a)   .

Everything in the clause which is not theme is the (a)   .

With (a)   , we are concerned with the functional, or communicative, value of utterances, with language used to perform actions - actions such as greeting, inviting, offering, ordering, prom­ising, requesting, warning, and so forth.

Performative meanings are referred to as (a)   , the speak­er's intention in making an utterance.

(a)   are thus the logical conditions or expected circumstances necessary for the (felicitous/‘happy') performance of a given speech act.

Name one of the five categories of speech acts.

(a)  

(a)   are words or phrases telling hearers to disregard one of the maxims.