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WorksheetsBMET Course 107
Total questions: 167
Worksheet time: 3hrs 48mins
A procedure where internal areas of a PT's body is examined using an endoscope
Endoscopy
Arthroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Diagnosis and treatment of torn cartilage or other joint ailments
Cystoscopy
Arthroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Examining the trachea and bronchial tree for abscesses, bronchitis, cancer, tumors, and tuberculosis
Cystoscopy
Arthroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Examining the colon and large intestines for polyps, tumors, ulcers, and inflammation
Cystoscopy
Arthroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Examining the vagina and cervix for cancer and inflammation
Cystoscopy
Arthroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Examining the bladder, urethra, urinary tract and male prostate for polyps, tumors, ulcers, inflammation or disease
Cystoscopy
Arthroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Used to view joints
Arthroscope
Cystoscope
Laparoscope
Laryngoscope
Gastroscope
Used to view kidneys stones
Arthroscope
Cystoscope
Laparoscope
Laryngoscope
Gastroscope
Used to view organs and tissue within the peritoneal cavity
Arthroscope
Cystoscope
Laparoscope
Laryngoscope
Gastroscope
Used to view the back of the throat, larynx/voice box, and vocal cords
Arthroscope
Cystoscope
Laparoscope
Laryngoscope
Gastroscope
Used to view the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Arthroscope
Cystoscope
Laparoscope
Laryngoscope
Gastroscope
Highly resistant dormant cells formed in response to adverse environmental conditions to aid in bacterium survival
Bacterial Spore
Bioburden
Fungi
High Level Disinfection (HLD)
Microorganism
Microbial contamination
Bacterial Spore
Bioburden
Fungi
High Level Disinfection (HLD)
Microorganism
a kingdom of usually multicellular eukaryotic organisms that cannot make their own food and have important roles in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem
Bacterial Spore
Bioburden
Fungi (plural of fungus)
High Level Disinfection (HLD)
Microorganism
A chemical, physical agent or process capable of killing some bacterial spores when used in sufficient concentration, temp, and other suitable conditions to be effective against vegetative bacteria, fungi, viruses, along with other microorganisms
Bacterial Spore
Bioburden
Fungi (plural of fungus)
High Level Disinfection (HLD)
Microorganism
Any living organism like bacteria, virus, or fungus that cannot be seen without a microscope.
Bacterial Spore
Bioburden
Fungi (plural of fungus)
High Level Disinfection (HLD)
Microorganism
Automated Endoscope Re-processors (AERs) are used:
widely and are Important devices
to Reprocess endoscopes
to Reprocess endoscope accessories
to decontaminate them between uses
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease
Pathogen
Reprocessing
Sterilization
Virus
A chain or nucleic acids living in a host cell. Frequently contained in a protein coat as a protective covering
Pathogen
Reprocessing
Sterilization
Virus
A validated process used to render a medical device, which has been previously used or contaminated, fit for a subsequent single use
Pathogen
Reprocessing
Sterilization
Virus
Uses water, detergents or enzymatic products to physically remove microorganisms (pathogenic and non-pathogenic) along with visible soils from objects and surfaces, either manually or mechanically - does not necessarily kill microorganisms, but reduces their numbers to decrease spread of infection
Cleaning
Decontamination
Disinfection
Enzymes
Impingement
Use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infections particles and the surface or time is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal
Cleaning
Decontamination
Disinfection
Enzymes
Impingement
A process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms (except bacterial spores) on inanimate objects - kills microorganisms on surfaces after cleaning to further reduce risk of spreading infection
Cleaning
Decontamination
Disinfection
Enzymes
Impingement
Efficient catalysts used to break down complex water insoluble organic molecules into smaller water-soluble pieces that is easier to rinse away
Cleaning
Decontamination
Disinfection
Enzymes
Impingement
A sharp collision produced by striking or asking against something
Cleaning
Decontamination
Disinfection
Enzymes
Impingement
WAVE stands for:
Water, Air, Vacuum, Electricity
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Services
Wales: A Vibrant Economy
Wide Area Voice Environment
Characteristics of STEAM
Steam temperature is well above the temperature of boiling water
water that has been turned into an invisible gas vapor by heating to the boiling point.
Refers to the visible semi-gaseous state of water
At any given temp, there is a pressure which the vapor of that substance is in equilibrium with its liquid or solid forms
Sometimes referred to as boiling delay
Characteristics of VAPOR
Steam temperature is well above the temperature of boiling water
water that has been turned into an invisible gas vapor by heating to the boiling point.
Refers to the visible semi-gaseous state of water
At any given temp, there is a pressure which the vapor of that substance is in equilibrium with its liquid or solid forms
Sometimes referred to as boiling delay
Characteristics of SUPERHEATING
phenomenon that a liquid can be heated to a temp higher that its boiling point without actually boiling
Gas bubbles and can result in the liquid boiling very suddenly
Temp at which a substance can change state from a liquid to a gas at 1 ATM
vapor pressure of the substance equals ambient pressure
Sometimes referred to as boiling delay
Characteristics of BOILING POINT
phenomenon that a liquid can be heated to a temp higher that its boiling point without actually boiling
Gas bubbles and can result in the liquid boiling very suddenly
Temp at which a substance can change state from a liquid to a gas at 1 ATM
vapor pressure of the substance equals ambient pressure
Sometimes referred to as boiling delay
Boiling point at higher elevations
ATM pressure is lower = boiling point lower
ATM pressure is higher = boiling point lower
ATM pressure is lower = boiling point higher
ATM pressure is lower = boiling point lower
boiling point at the CRITICAL POINT
gas and liquid properties become identical
the BP cannot be increased beyond the critical point
Sharks
TRIPLE POINT
temp and pressure at which the 3 phases of a substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium
BP cannot be reduced below the triple point
Sharks
Tacos or Pizza
Tacos
Pizza
- Located at the distal tip
- Determines the viewing angle
Objective lens
Telescope
Light post
Eyepiece
- The most fragile and expensive part of the scope
- Transmits both the image and the light
- Allows the image to be viewed via an optical lens/fiber-optic light
Objective lens
Telescope
Light post
Eyepiece
- Allows light cable attachment to the telescope
Objective lens
Telescope
Light post
Eyepiece
- Remains outside the body
- Also known as ocular lens
Objective lens
Telescope
Light post
Eyepiece
Flexible scope: part of the scope that remains outside the body and contains the imaging controls, biopsy port, air/water channels and eyepiece (in fiberoptic)
Control body
light-guide connector unit
insertion tube
bending section at the distal tip
Flexible scope: Part of the scope that connects to the:
- light source
- suction
- insufflation source
Control body
light-guide connector unit
insertion tube
bending section at the distal tip
Flexible scope: Flexible tube containing channels for
- suction
- biopsy
- irrigation
- insufflation
- fiberoptic light/image bundles
Control body
light-guide connector unit
insertion tube
bending section at the distal tip
Flexible scope: section that is manipulated using controls to steer the lenses in various directions to view the internal structure
Control body
light-guide connector unit
insertion tube
bending section at the distal tip
Endoscope and accessories: light source
xenon, halogen, sol-arc, LED
It has one
allows physician to save video of an endoscopic procedure
Expand the area with clear fluid/gas
forceps, brushes, snares, probes
Endoscope and accessories: Camera and Monitor
xenon, halogen, sol-arc, LED
It has one
allows physician to save video of an endoscopic procedure
Expand the area with clear fluid/gas
forceps, brushes, snares, probes
Endoscope and accessories: Recorder
xenon, halogen, sol-arc, LED
It has one
allows physician to save video of an endoscopic procedure
Expand the area with clear fluid/gas
forceps, brushes, snares, probes
Endoscope and accessories: Fluid Pump/Insufflator
xenon, halogen, sol-arc, LED
It has one
allows physician to save video of an endoscopic procedure
Expand the area with clear fluid/gas
forceps, brushes, snares, probes
Endoscope and accessories: Operative Instruments
xenon, halogen, sol-arc, LED
It has one
allows physician to save video of an endoscopic procedure
Expand the area with clear fluid/gas
forceps, brushes, snares, probes
Minimal/Least Invasive Surgery results in:
Less trauma to the body
Less PT discomfort
Faster recovery times
Complications
Long Recovery times
Introduced directly into the bloodstream or contact normal sterile tissue or body-space during use
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Laparoscope, Arthroscope, endoscope biopsy accessories
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Must be Sterilized
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Contact intact mucous membranes or non-intact skin
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Duodenoscopes, bronchoscopes, gastrointestinal endoscopes
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Should be sterilized: if not possible then HLD
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Should be sterilized: if not possible then HLD
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Contacts skin that is intact, but does not contact mucous membranes
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Sterilizing is noncritical
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
Inadequate reprocessing between PT procedures can result in _______ remaining in certain types of reusable devices
blood
tissue
other biological debris
lasagna
orange juice
Manual reprocessing includes
Pre-cleaning (bedside), Leak testing
Manual cleaning, Rinse after cleaning
visual inspection, HLD
Rinse after HLD, Drying
Automatic cleaning machine, Purge
Common phases of AER
Leak Test
Wash
Disinfect
Purge
Cycle Monitoring
Free of microorganisms (bacteria)
Sterilized
Sanitized
Methods of Sterilization
Flame, Basic
Chemical Agents, Heat
Gamma Radiation, Gravity
Ethylene Oxide, Plasma
Love, Emotion
The most effective means of sterilization
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Basic
- The most effective means of sterilization
- Destroys all microorganisms quickly
- Used in very limited applications bc it is also very destructive to most materials
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Basic
- Most chemicals are considered to be sanitizers or disinfectants
- Some are considered sterilizing agents, but only under very strict conditions
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Basic
- Not widely used in the US
- Non-destructive to the product
- Expensive
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Basic
- Potent, toxic, anti-microbial agent that kills all known viruses, bacteria, fungi as well as bacterial spores
- Used to sterilize fragile items
- Temp range: 100-104°F
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Basic
- Most widely used
- Dry and Moist
- Correct Temp & Correct Time
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Heat
Characteristics of Dry Heat Sterilization
Works like an oven
"Cooks" the microorganism at 420°F for 3-5 hours
Most widely used due to ease
Most cost effective and common
Greater the pressure = Greater the temp
Characteristics of Moist Heat Sterilization
Works like an oven
"Cooks" the microorganism at 420°F for 3-5 hours
Most widely used due to ease
Most cost effective and common
Greater the pressure = Greater the temp
Gravity Autoclave settings for wrapped items and bottles
-Temp/PSI/time
250/20/30
270/30/4-7
Gravity Autoclave settings for Flashing
-Temp/PSI/time
250/20/30
270/30/4-7
30 PSI chamber temp, with a door that measures 10"x20" will have _____ pounds of force on its inner surface
6000 lbs of force
12000 lbs of force
6000 PSI
12000 PSI
Phases of Plasma Sterilization
Vacuum phase
Injection phase
Diffusion Phase
Plasma Phase
Vent phase
Advantages of plasma sterilization
no need for cooling or Aeration
Low temp 104-131 deg F and Low Humidity
No toxic residue
Short sterilization cycle time (46 min)
Small Chamber size
Disadvantages of plasma sterilization
May not penetrate well
H2O2 may corrode some materials
H2O2 may react with some materials such as plastics, paper, and cellulose
Short sterilization cycle time (46 min)
Small Chamber size
Tape
Temp
Vacuum
Bowie Dick
Temp
Vacuum
Blood coagulates at what deg (F)
130
125
140
145
1 atmosphere =
1 torr
1 pizza
1 shark
1 smurf
Central Supply (CS)
Medical instruments and utensils need cleaning before sterilization
Personnel have specialized expertise and direct responsibility to provide clean and sterile medical and surgical supplies and instruments for PT care.
Surgical instruments are manufactured to very strict tolerances leaving gaps and hiding places for micro-organisms that cannot be reached by manual hand cleaning
Cleaning in most instances requires a contaminant be dissolved or displaced
Normal human hearing range
20Hz - 20kHz
20kHz - 100kHz
20kHz - 40 kHz
Industrial ultrasonic cleaning application frequency
20Hz - 20kHz
20kHz - 100kHz
20kHz - 40 kHz
Medical application frequency
20Hz - 20kHz
20kHz - 100kHz
20kHz - 40 kHz
_____ creates the ultrasonic frequency needed by the ultrasonic cleaner
Sound waves
Normal human hearing
Industrial applications
Medical applications
Electronic frequency generator
The process of creating microscopic bubbles in a light viscosity liquid
Cavitation
Surface tension
Cohesive force
viscosity
Water
Cohesive force between liquid molecules
Cavitation
Surface tension
Cohesive force
viscosity
Water
_____ is Stronger on the surface than on the molecules under the surface
Cavitation
Surface tension
Cohesive force
viscosity
Water
Thickness of the liquid or gas
Cavitation
Surface tension
Cohesive force
viscosity
Water
- molecular liquid that will evaporate at all temps
- Boils at 100 deg C @ 1 torr
Cavitation
Surface tension
Cohesive force
viscosity
Water
Medical washers are
disinfectors, washers, decontaminators
intended for general medical purposes
clean, decontaminate, disinfect
remove blood, bone, fat, organic debris
prevents growth of microorganisms in hard to reach areas
uses water, detergents or enzymatic products to physically remove microorganisms and visible soils from objects/surfaces either manually or mechanically
Cleaning
decontamination
disinfection
enzymes
Impingement
Use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or item to point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infections particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal.
Cleaning
decontamination
disinfection
enzymes
Impingement
A process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial sports, on inanimate objects - kills microorganisms on surfaces after cleaning to further reduce risk of spreading infection
Cleaning
decontamination
disinfection
enzymes
Impingement
efficient catalysis used to break down complex water insoluble organic molecules into smaller, water soluble pieces that is easier to rinse away
Cleaning
decontamination
disinfection
enzymes
Impingement
A sharp collision produced by striking or dashing against something
Cleaning
decontamination
disinfection
enzymes
Impingement
Thermal Sanitation temps
70-100
100-140
140-203
180-203
30-70
Phases of operation during washing cycle
cold prewash/enzymatic product treatment
detergent wash
rinse
pure water rinse
(5) lubrication treatment for metal instruments AND (6) drying
Thermal rinse treatment water temp
70-100
100-140
140-203
180-203
30-70
Most common applications of dental operating system
preventive dentistry
tooth restoration
periodontics
endodontics
orthodontics
cleaning, polishing, fluoride treatment
preventive dentistry
tooth restoration
periodontics
endodontics
orthodontics
fillings, crowns, root implants, etc
preventive dentistry
tooth restoration
periodontics
endodontics
orthodontics
diagnosis, prevention, treatment of gum disease
preventive dentistry
tooth restoration
periodontics
endodontics
orthodontics
root canal therapy
preventive dentistry
tooth restoration
periodontics
endodontics
orthodontics
teeth and jaw alignment
preventive dentistry
tooth restoration
periodontics
endodontics
orthodontics
major components of the dental chair
dental chair
delivery system
dental exam light
dental tray
_____ for the dental chair comes from either the floor box utility center or a self contained system
water
fluoride
the dental assistant
toothpaste
- compressed ___ is used to operate various handpieces
- 80-100 psi comes from the central to each room
water
air
vacuum
electricity
- a centrally located _____ pump provides suction to multiple dental operating systems
- used to remove hand-piece and syringe spray, tooth and restorative particles
water
air
vacuum
electricity
- ___ provides power for motor, solenoids, lights.
- warms air/water
- powers delivery systems, exam lights, curing lights, ultrasonic scalers
water
air
vacuum
electricity
three main components of dental delivery system controls
delivery system control head
foot control
handpieces
remote
four types of dental hand-pieces
high speed hand-piece
Low speed hand-piece
Electric hand-piece
Hybrid hand-pieces
Glove hand-pieces
High speed hand piece (unloaded max speed)
400k RPM
180k - 200k RPM
40k RPM
20k RPM
20k - 40k RPM
High speed hand piece (loaded speed)
400k RPM
180k - 200k RPM
40k RPM
20k RPM
20k - 40k RPM
Low speed hand piece (Max unloaded speed)
400k RPM
180k - 200k RPM
40k RPM
20k RPM
20k - 40k RPM
Electric hand piece (max speed)
400k RPM
180k - 200k RPM
40k RPM
20k RPM
20k - 40k RPM
Used for fine work
high speed hand-piece
Low speed hand-piece
Electric hand-piece
Hybrid hand-pieces
Glove hand-pieces
Used for polishing and course work
high speed hand-piece
Low speed hand-piece
Electric hand-piece
Hybrid hand-pieces
Glove hand-pieces
Water that has been turned into an invisible gas vapor by heating to the BP
Steam
Vapor
Superheating
Boiling Point (BP)
Evaporation process
the visible semi-gaseous state of water
Steam
Vapor
Superheating
Boiling Point (BP)
Evaporation process
Sometimes referred to as boiling delay
Steam
Vapor
Superheating
Boiling Point (BP)
Evaporation process
Temperature at which a substance can change state from a liquid to a gas at 1 ATM
Steam
Vapor
Superheating
Boiling Point (BP)
Evaporation process
At higher elevations:
the atmosphere pressure is much lower
the BP is lower
The atmosphere pressure is much higher
the BP is higher
The critical point:
Increased ambient pressure increases boiling up to
Decreased ambient pressure decreases up to
BP cannot be increased beyond
gas properties = liquid properties
The Triple point
BP cannot be reduced below the triple point
4 phases are present
it is where you find that special spot in ice cream or porridge that it is not to cold, not to warm, but just right
the 3 bears and goldie locks know what I'm talking aboout.
Mechanical devices:
change energy to physical movement
mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles to form basic machines
break
First class lever
Second class lever
Third class lever
Wheelbarrows and hand trucks are:
1st class levers
2nd class levers
3rd class levers
Machines designed for fixed installation or may fall over will:
be installed in water
be secured to the floor
operated by robots
Machines with _____ will be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions
rubber feet or non-skid pads
wheels
display screens
water outlets
hydraulics
fluids will compress only a very small amount at extremely high pressure
fluids will compress a very large amount at extremely low pressure
fluids will explode
When fluids get hot
the volume increases
the volume decreases
When fluids get cooled
the volume increases
the volume decreases
a force applied to a confined body of fluid, will result in pressure being applied equally and undiminished in all directions
Pascal's law
Bernoulli's law
The pressure is applied equally to all sides of the balloon, so the balloon is round
Pascal's law
Bernoulli's law
The pressure of a fluid decreases at points where the velocity increases
Pascal's law
Bernoulli's law
Restrictions cause the same amount of fluid to try to get through a smaller area
Pascal's law
Bernoulli's law
The fluid must move faster; result is increased velocity
Pascal's law
Bernoulli's law
Pry bars are:
1st class levers
2nd class levers
3rd class levers
two types of adjustments on a dental chair, which one do you do first
Rough
Final
First
Last
two types of adjustments on a dental chair, which one do you do second
Rough
Final
First
Last
What temp does blood coagulate
120
130
140
150
Dental exam light major assemblies
transformer
rigid arm assembly
flex arm assembly
light head assembly
helicopter assembly
Which phase has an electromagnetic stage?
Vacuum phase
Injection phase
Diffusion Phase
Plasma Phase
Vent phase
Should be sterilized: if not possible then HLD
Critical Defices
Semi-critical devices
Noncritical devices
The most effective means of sterilization
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Basic
Most widely used
Dry and Moist
Correct Temp & Correct Time
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Heat
Used for fine work
high speed hand-piece
Low speed hand-piece
Electric hand-piece
Hybrid hand-pieces
Glove hand-pieces
Used for polishing and course work
high speed hand-piece
Low speed hand-piece
Electric hand-piece
Hybrid hand-pieces
Glove hand-pieces
Sometimes referred to as boiling delay
Steam
Vapor
Superheating
Boiling Point (BP)
Evaporation process
Characteristics of SUPERHEATING
phenomenon that a liquid can be heated to a temp higher that its boiling point without actually boiling
Gas bubbles and can result in the liquid boiling very suddenly
Temp at which a substance can change state from a liquid to a gas at 1 ATM
vapor pressure of the substance equals ambient pressure
Sometimes referred to as boiling delay
The pressure of a fluid decreases at points where the velocity increases
Pascal's law
Bernoulli's law
Restrictions cause the same amount of fluid to try to get through a smaller area
Pascal's law
Bernoulli's law
Diagnosis and treatment of torn cartilage or other joint ailments
Cystoscopy
Arthroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Used to view organs and tissue within the peritoneal cavity
Arthroscope
Cystoscope
Laparoscope
Laryngoscope
Gastroscope
The most effective means of sterilization
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Basic
Most widely used
Dry and Moist
Correct Temp & Correct Time
Flame
Chemical Agents
Gamma Radiation
Ethylene Oxide
Heat
Efficient catalysts used to break down complex water insoluble organic molecules into smaller water-soluble pieces that is easier to rinse away
Cleaning
Decontamination
Disinfection
Enzymes
Impingement
_____ have the fulcrum between the force and the load. ... As the ratio of effort (force) arm length to load arm length increases the mechanical advantage of a ______ increases
1st class lever(s)
2nd class lever(s)
3rd class lever(s)
______ is an instrument that helps predict the weather. It can also be used to detect changes in altitude. To do this, it uses changes in air pressure
Aneroid Barometer
Bowie Dick
PPE
Endoscopy
Acquisition of new equipment is the decision of the accountants and
BMET
Facilities
_____ need to be carried out in a sink of clean water. The endoscope needs to be inflated prior to submersion
Leak Tests
Press B
Up, Up, Down, Down, Left, Right, Left, Right, B, A, Start
Sharks
Rigid scope parts
Objective lens
Telescope
Eyepiece
Light post
_____ requires temperatures (and other high temperatures) must be maintained for a minimal time to kill microorganisms.
Pathogen
Reprocessing
Sterilization
Virus
Point at which the greatest possible amount of a substance has been absorbed
Saturation point
Steam sterilizers
Cooking in the kitchen
