A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.

The exclusive rights to make or sell inventions

Inventor of the telephone

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)

brothers who were the first people to succeed in flying a powered airplane in sustained flight

businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Complete control of a product or business by one person or group

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. Responsible for vertical integration.

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history. Responsible for horizontal integration.

Ownership of businesses involved in each step of manufacturing process. Ex. Andrew Carnegie.

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel.

(1890) a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade.

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

Strike at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers

In 1894, workers stopped traffic on many railroad lines until federal courts ordered the workers to return to their jobs.