How many Letters of Qalqalaĥ are there, which are these and what is their

‘ق ,ط ,ب ,ج ,د

,‘their combination is ‘دٍّ
ُب َج قُ ـ
ُط
’.

combined form? (Lesson 11) Answer: There are five Letters of Qalqalaĥ ‘ق ,ط ,ب ,ج ,د ,‘their combination is ‘دٍُّب َج قُ ـُط’. $\int_x^y\frac{\partial x}{\partial y}\le\lceil x\rceil\int_x^y\int_x^y\prod_{x\ne\ge}^y\le\le$

ai’dah

51

Question: How many Maddaĥ letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 7)

Answer: Maddaĥ letters are 3 in number and these are: فِلَا ,آو

َ

َا ,و

ي

Question: How it becomes فِلَا Maddaĥ,

َ

َ and Maddaĥ آو و

اي Maddaĥ? (Lesson 7)

Answer: When there is Zabar before ِفلَ ا , it becomes ِفلَ ا Maddaĥ. When there is Paysh

آو before

َ

و Sākin, it becomes آو

َ

و Maddaĥ. When there is Zayr before اَ

ي Sākin, it becomes

َا

.Maddaĥ ي

Question: How the Maddaĥ letters are pronounced? (Lesson 7)

Answer: The letters of Maddaĥ are pronounced by elongating them up to one ِفلَ ا i.e.

up to two Ḥarakāt.

Question: What is meant by Kĥařī [Vertical] Ḥarakāt? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Zabar , vertical Zayr and inverted Paysh are called Kĥařī

[vertical] Ḥarakāt.

Question: How the vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced by elongating them up to one فِلَا i.e. up to two

Ḥarakāt, like that in the case of the letters of Maddaĥ.

Question: How many Līn letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 9)

Answer: There are two letters of Līn: ‘آو

َ

َا’ and’ و

.‘ي

Question: How the letters of Līn are pronounced? (Lesson 9)

Answer: The letters of Līn are pronounced gently in Arabic accent without any elongation.

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51

Question: How many Maddaĥ letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 7)

Answer: Maddaĥ letters are 3 in number and these are: فِلَا ,آو

َ

َا ,و

ي

Question: How it becomes فِلَا Maddaĥ,

َ

َ and Maddaĥ آو و

اي Maddaĥ? (Lesson 7)

Answer: When there is Zabar before ِفلَ ا , it becomes ِفلَ ا Maddaĥ. When there is Paysh

آو before

َ

و Sākin, it becomes آو

َ

و Maddaĥ. When there is Zayr before اَ

ي Sākin, it becomes

َا

.Maddaĥ ي

Question: How the Maddaĥ letters are pronounced? (Lesson 7)

Answer: The letters of Maddaĥ are pronounced by elongating them up to one ِفلَ ا i.e.

up to two Ḥarakāt.

Question: What is meant by Kĥařī [Vertical] Ḥarakāt? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Zabar , vertical Zayr and inverted Paysh are called Kĥařī

[vertical] Ḥarakāt.

Question: How the vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced by elongating them up to one فِلَا i.e. up to two

Ḥarakāt, like that in the case of the letters of Maddaĥ.

Question: How many Līn letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 9)

Answer: There are two letters of Līn: ‘آو

َ

َا’ and’ و

.‘ي

Question: How the letters of Līn are pronounced? (Lesson 9)

Answer: The letters of Līn are pronounced gently in Arabic accent without any elongation.

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51

Question: How many Maddaĥ letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 7)

Answer: Maddaĥ letters are 3 in number and these are: فِلَا ,آو

َ

َا ,و

ي

Question: How it becomes فِلَا Maddaĥ,

َ

َ and Maddaĥ آو و

اي Maddaĥ? (Lesson 7)

Answer: When there is Zabar before ِفلَ ا , it becomes ِفلَ ا Maddaĥ. When there is Paysh

آو before

َ

و Sākin, it becomes آو

َ

و Maddaĥ. When there is Zayr before اَ

ي Sākin, it becomes

َا

.Maddaĥ ي

Question: How the Maddaĥ letters are pronounced? (Lesson 7)

Answer: The letters of Maddaĥ are pronounced by elongating them up to one ِفلَ ا i.e.

up to two Ḥarakāt.

Question: What is meant by Kĥařī [Vertical] Ḥarakāt? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Zabar , vertical Zayr and inverted Paysh are called Kĥařī

[vertical] Ḥarakāt.

Question: How the vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced by elongating them up to one فِلَا i.e. up to two

Ḥarakāt, like that in the case of the letters of Maddaĥ.

Question: How many Līn letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 9)

Answer: There are two letters of Līn: ‘آو

َ

َا’ and’ و

.‘ي

Question: How the letters of Līn are pronounced? (Lesson 9)

Answer: The letters of Līn are pronounced gently in Arabic accent without any elongation.

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51

Question: How many Maddaĥ letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 7)

Answer: Maddaĥ letters are 3 in number and these are: فِلَا ,آو

َ

َا ,و

ي

Question: How it becomes فِلَا Maddaĥ,

َ

َ and Maddaĥ آو و

اي Maddaĥ? (Lesson 7)

Answer: When there is Zabar before ِفلَ ا , it becomes ِفلَ ا Maddaĥ. When there is Paysh

آو before

َ

و Sākin, it becomes آو

َ

و Maddaĥ. When there is Zayr before اَ

ي Sākin, it becomes

َا

.Maddaĥ ي

Question: How the Maddaĥ letters are pronounced? (Lesson 7)

Answer: The letters of Maddaĥ are pronounced by elongating them up to one ِفلَ ا i.e.

up to two Ḥarakāt.

Question: What is meant by Kĥařī [Vertical] Ḥarakāt? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Zabar , vertical Zayr and inverted Paysh are called Kĥařī

[vertical] Ḥarakāt.

Question: How the vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical Ḥarakāt are pronounced by elongating them up to one فِلَا i.e. up to two

Ḥarakāt, like that in the case of the letters of Maddaĥ.

Question: How many Līn letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 9)

Answer: There are two letters of Līn: ‘آو

َ

َا’ and’ و

.‘ي

Question: How the letters of Līn are pronounced? (Lesson 9)

Answer: The letters of Līn are pronounced gently in Arabic accent without any elongation.

Answer: When there is Zabar before آو

َ

و Sākin, it becomes ‘آو

َ

و Līn’. When there is Zabar

َا before

ي Sākin, it becomes ‘اَ

.‘Līn ي

Question: What is the meaning of Qalqalaĥ? (Lesson 11)

Answer: The meaning of Qalqalaĥ is movement, there should be somewhat movement at

the Makhārij (articulator) when pronouncing these letters such that the sound rebounds.

Question: How many Letters of Qalqalaĥ are there, which are these and what is their

combined form? (Lesson 11)

Answer: There are five Letters of Qalqalaĥ ‘ق ,ط ,ب ,ج ,د ,‘their combination is ‘دٍّ

ُب َج قُ ـ

ُط

’.

Question: When will Qalqalaĥ be made more prominent in the Letters of Qalqalaĥ?

(Lesson 11)

Answer: When the Letters of Qalqalaĥ are Sākin, Qalqalaĥ should be more prominent.

Question: How to pronounce the letter of Qalqalaĥ when it is Mushaddad? (Lesson 11)

Answer: When the letter of Qalqalaĥ is Mushaddad, it is pronounced with stress.

Question: How to pronounce Ĥamzaĥ Sākinaĥ (ْا ,ء) ?( ْLesson 11)

Answer: Ĥamzaĥ Sākinaĥ (ْا ,ء ( ْis always pronounced with jerk.

Question: How many cases are there regarding ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin and Tanwīn and what are these?

(Lesson 12)

Answer: There are four cases regarding ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Sākin and Tanwīn: (1)





 (Iẓĥār)

Describe the case of Iẓĥār. (Lesson 12)

Answer: If any of the Ḥalqiyyaĥ letters is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin or Tanwīn, then

Iẓĥār will be made i.e. nasalization (Ghunnaĥ) will not be done whilst pronouncing such

ُ ـن ٓ

ْ

نو Sākin and Tanwīn.

Question: How many Ḥalqiyyaĥ letters are there and what are these? (Lesson 12)

Answer: Ḥalqiyyaĥ letters are six in number and they are: ء ,ھ ,ع , ح , غ and خ .

Question: Describe the case of Ikhfā? (Lesson 12)

Answer: If any of the Ikhfā letter is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Sākin or Tanwīn, then Ikhfā will be

made i.e. nasalization (Ghunnaĥ) will be done whilst pronouncing such ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin and

Tanwīn.

Question: How many Ikhfā letters are there and what are these? (Lesson 12)

Answer: The Ikhfā letters are 15 in number and these are: ت ,ث ,ج ,د ,ذ ,ز ,س ,ش ,ص ,ض ,

.ك ,ق ,ف ,ظ ,ط

Question: What is Tashdīd and what is the term for a letter carrying the sign of Tashdīd?

(Lesson 13)

Answer: The w-shaped diacritic is called Tashdīd. A letter carrying Tashdīd sign is

called Mushaddad.

Question: How to pronounce ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Mushaddad and ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ Mushaddad? (Lesson 13)

Answer: The ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Mushaddad and the ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ Mushaddad will always be pronounced with

Ghunnaĥ (nasalization).

Question: What is Ghunnaĥ and what is its duration? (Lesson 13)

Ghunnaĥ means to pronounce with nasalization (taking the sound into the nose)

and its duration is equivalent to one فِلَا .

Question: How to pronounce a Mushaddad letter? (Lesson 13)

Answer: The Mushaddad letter is pronounced twice; first by combining it with the

preceding Mutaḥarrik letter and then by its own Ḥarakat with a slight pause.

Question: Describe the rule regarding Idghām. (Lesson 14)

Answer: Idghām will be done when any letter of Yarmalūn is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin or

Tanwīn. In case of ‘ر ‘and ‘ل ‘Idghām will be done without Ghunnaĥ and in case of

remaining 4 letters, Idghām will be done with Ghunnaĥ.

Question: How many Letters of Yarmalūn are there and what are these? (Lesson 14)

Answer: The Letters of Yarmalūn are six in number and these are: ی ,ر ,م ,ل ,و and ن .

Question: Describe the rule regarding Iqlāb. (Lesson 14)

Answer: If the letter ‘ب ‘is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Sākin or Tanwīn, then do Iqlāb i.e. change the

ُ ـن ٓ

ْ

ون Sākin or Tanwīn into ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ and do Ikhfā i.e. pronounce with nasalization.

Question: How many cases are there for ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ Sākin and what are these? (Lesson 15)

Answer: There are three cases of ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ Sākin: (1) Idghām-e-Shafawī (2) Ikhfā-e-Shafawī

(3) Iẓĥār-e-Shafawī (1) Idghām-e-Shafawī (2) Ikhfā-e-Shafawī (3) Iẓĥār-e-Shafawī.

Question: Describe the rule regarding Idghām-e-Shafawī. (Lesson 15)

Answer: When another ‘م ‘is present after ٓ

ْ ميم ِSākin, Idghām-e-Shafawī is done within

the ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ Sākin i.e. Ghunnaĥ is done

Describe the rule regarding Ikhfā-e-Shafawī. (Lesson 15)

Answer: If ‘ب ‘is present after ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ Sākin, Ikhfā-e-Shafawī is done within the ٓ

ْ

Sākin ِ ممي

i.e. Ghunnaĥ is done.

Question: Describe the rule regarding Iẓĥār-e-Shafawī. (Lesson 15)

Answer: If any letter other than ‘ب ‘or ‘م ‘is present after ٓ

ْ ميم ِSākin, Iẓĥār-e-Shafawī is

done within the ٓ

ْ

ممي ِ Sākin i.e. Ghunnaĥ is not done.

Question: What is meant by Tafkhīm and Tarqīq? (Lesson 16)

Answer: The meaning of Tafkhīm is to pronounce the letter in thick tone and that of

Tarqīq is to pronounce the letter in thin tone.

Question: When to pronounce the مَ لآ of the Ism-e-Jalālat – Pٰ

 ) اَللّ







 

) in thick tone and

when to pronounce it in thin tone? (Lesson 16)

Answer: If the letter before the مَ لآ of the Ism-e-Jalālat – Pٰ

 ) اَللّ







 

) carries Zabar or

Paysh, then the مَ لآ of the Ism-e-Jalālat – Pٰ

 ) اَللّ







 

) will be pronounced in thick tone and

if the letter before the مَ لآ of the Ism-e-Jalālat – Pٰ

 ) اَللّ







 

) carries Zayr, then the مَ لآ of the

Ism-e-Jalālat – Pٰ

 ) اَللّ







 

) will be pronounced in thin tone.

Question: Under what condition, فِلَا is pronounced in thick tone and when would it be

pronounced in thin tone? (Lesson 16)

Answer: فِلَا will be pronounced in thick tone if it is preceded by a letter that is pronounced

in thick tone and it will be pronounced in thin tone when preceded by a letter that is

pronounced in thin tone.

Indicate the conditions under which ا

َ

ر will be pronounced in thick tone.

(Lesson 16)

Answer: Under following conditions ا

َ

ر will be pronounced in thick tone:

a) When ا

َ

ر carries Zabar or Paysh

b) When ا

َ

ر carries double Zabar or double Paysh

c) When ا

َ

ر carries Vertical Zabar

d) When letter before ا

َ

ر Sākin carries Zabar or Paysh

e) When there is Temporary Zayr before ا

َ

Sākin ر

f) When there is Zayr before ا

َ

ر Sākin in the preceding word

g) When any letter belonging to the Letters of Musta’liyaĥ is present after ا

َ

Sākin ر

in the same word.

Question: Indicate the conditions under which ا

َ

ر will be pronounced in thin tone.

(Lesson 16)

Answer: Under following conditions ا

َ

ر will be pronounced in thin tone:

a) When there is Zayr or double Zayr under ا

َ

ر

b) When there is Aṣlī Zayr (Original Zayr) before ا

َ

ر Sākin in the same word

c) When there is اَ

ا before Sākinaĥ ي

َ

Sākin ر

Question: What is an ‘Āriḍī (temporary) Zayr? (Lesson 16)

Answer: In the Holy Quran, there are some words that begin with the letter فِلَا carrying

no Ḥarakat, so whichever Ḥarakat one will apply to such فِلَا during its pronunciation will

be temporary e.g. in the word the Zayr is Temporary.

tff

What is the meaning of Madd? What are the causes of Madd? (Lesson 17)

Answer: The meaning of Madd is to stretch and elongate. There are two causes for Madd:

(1) Ĥamzaĥ (2) Sukūn .

Question: How many types of Madd are there and what are these? (Lesson 17)

Answer: There are 6 types of Madd: (1) Madd Muttaṣil, (2) Madd Munfaṣil, (3) Madd

Lāzim, (4) Madd Līn-Lāzim, (5) Madd ‘Āriḍ (6) Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ

Question: Describe the case of Madd Muttaṣil. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If Ĥamzaĥ is present after a letter of Maddaĥ in the same word, then it will be

Madd Muttaṣil (adjacent).

Question: Describe the case of Madd Munfaṣil. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If Ĥamzaĥ is present after a letter of Maddaĥ in the next word, then it will be

Madd Munfaṣil (distant).

Question: How much Madd Muttaṣil and Madd Munfaṣil need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Muttaṣil and Madd Munfaṣil, elongate the tone up

to 2, 2½ or 4 فِلَا .

Question: Describe the case of Madd Lāzim. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a Sukūn Aṣlī , is present after a letter of Maddaĥ, then it will be

Madd Lāzim.

Question: Describe the case of Madd Līn-Lāzim. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a Sukūn Aṣlī , is present after a letter of Līn, then it will be Madd Līn-Lāzim.

What is the meaning of Madd? What are the causes of Madd? (Lesson 17)

Answer: The meaning of Madd is to stretch and elongate. There are two causes for Madd:

(1) Ĥamzaĥ (2) Sukūn .

Question: How many types of Madd are there and what are these? (Lesson 17)

Answer: There are 6 types of Madd: (1) Madd Muttaṣil, (2) Madd Munfaṣil, (3) Madd

Lāzim, (4) Madd Līn-Lāzim, (5) Madd ‘Āriḍ (6) Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ

Question: Describe the case of Madd Muttaṣil. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If Ĥamzaĥ is present after a letter of Maddaĥ in the same word, then it will be

Madd Muttaṣil (adjacent).

Question: Describe the case of Madd Munfaṣil. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If Ĥamzaĥ is present after a letter of Maddaĥ in the next word, then it will be

Madd Munfaṣil (distant).

Question: How much Madd Muttaṣil and Madd Munfaṣil need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Muttaṣil and Madd Munfaṣil, elongate the tone up

to 2, 2½ or 4 فِلَا .

Question: Describe the case of Madd Lāzim. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a Sukūn Aṣlī , is present after a letter of Maddaĥ, then it will be

Madd Lāzim.

Question: Describe the case of Madd Līn-Lāzim. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a Sukūn Aṣlī , is present after a letter of Līn, then it will be Madd Līn-Lāzim.

58

Question: How much Madd Lāzim and the Madd Līn-Lāzim need to be elongated?

(Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Lāzim and Madd Līn-Lāzim, elongate up to 3, 4 or 5 ِلَفا .

Question: Describe the case of Madd ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Maddaĥ, then it will be Madd ‘Āriḍ.

Question: Describe the case of Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Līn, then it will be Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ.

Question: How much Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ, elongate up to 3 فِلَا .

Question: What is a Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,and how is it pronounced? (Lesson 19)

Answer: At some locations in the Holy Quran, there is a symbol of circle ‘o’ upon the فِلَا ,

this type of فِلَا is called a ‘Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,‘one should not pronounce it.

Question: Which rule will apply in the ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Sākin present in the following words:

ُدْن

ا

َ

ان , ي

ٌ َ

ُ ْ}ي

ان ,ب

ٌ َ

, ِصْنو

َ

ان ِ قْنو

ٌ (Lesson 20)

Answer: In the above four words, a Yarmalūn letter is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin in the same

word. Idghām will not be done in these words, instead Iẓĥār Muṭlaq will be done. Hence

do not make Ghunnaĥ (nasalization) in above four words.

Question: What is Saktaĥ? (Lesson 20)

58

Question: How much Madd Lāzim and the Madd Līn-Lāzim need to be elongated?

(Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Lāzim and Madd Līn-Lāzim, elongate up to 3, 4 or 5 ِلَفا .

Question: Describe the case of Madd ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Maddaĥ, then it will be Madd ‘Āriḍ.

Question: Describe the case of Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Līn, then it will be Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ.

Question: How much Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ, elongate up to 3 فِلَا .

Question: What is a Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,and how is it pronounced? (Lesson 19)

Answer: At some locations in the Holy Quran, there is a symbol of circle ‘o’ upon the فِلَا ,

this type of فِلَا is called a ‘Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,‘one should not pronounce it.

Question: Which rule will apply in the ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Sākin present in the following words:

ُدْن

ا

َ

ان , ي

ٌ َ

ُ ْ}ي

ان ,ب

ٌ َ

, ِصْنو

َ

ان ِ قْنو

ٌ (Lesson 20)

Answer: In the above four words, a Yarmalūn letter is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin in the same

word. Idghām will not be done in these words, instead Iẓĥār Muṭlaq will be done. Hence

do not make Ghunnaĥ (nasalization) in above four words.

Question: What is Saktaĥ? (Lesson 20)

58

Question: How much Madd Lāzim and the Madd Līn-Lāzim need to be elongated?

(Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Lāzim and Madd Līn-Lāzim, elongate up to 3, 4 or 5 ِلَفا .

Question: Describe the case of Madd ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Maddaĥ, then it will be Madd ‘Āriḍ.

Question: Describe the case of Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Līn, then it will be Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ.

Question: How much Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ, elongate up to 3 فِلَا .

Question: What is a Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,and how is it pronounced? (Lesson 19)

Answer: At some locations in the Holy Quran, there is a symbol of circle ‘o’ upon the فِلَا ,

this type of فِلَا is called a ‘Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,‘one should not pronounce it.

Question: Which rule will apply in the ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Sākin present in the following words:

ُدْن

ا

َ

ان , ي

ٌ َ

ُ ْ}ي

ان ,ب

ٌ َ

, ِصْنو

َ

ان ِ قْنو

ٌ (Lesson 20)

Answer: In the above four words, a Yarmalūn letter is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin in the same

word. Idghām will not be done in these words, instead Iẓĥār Muṭlaq will be done. Hence

do not make Ghunnaĥ (nasalization) in above four words.

Question: What is Saktaĥ? (Lesson 20)

58

Question: How much Madd Lāzim and the Madd Līn-Lāzim need to be elongated?

(Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Lāzim and Madd Līn-Lāzim, elongate up to 3, 4 or 5 ِلَفا .

Question: Describe the case of Madd ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Maddaĥ, then it will be Madd ‘Āriḍ.

Question: Describe the case of Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a temporary Sukūn [i.e. a letter becomes Sākin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is

found after a letter of Līn, then it will be Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ.

Question: How much Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn ‘Āriḍ need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)

Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd ‘Āriḍ and Madd Līn-‘Āriḍ, elongate up to 3 فِلَا .

Question: What is a Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,and how is it pronounced? (Lesson 19)

Answer: At some locations in the Holy Quran, there is a symbol of circle ‘o’ upon the فِلَا ,

this type of فِلَا is called a ‘Zāid (additional) فِلَا ,‘one should not pronounce it.

Question: Which rule will apply in the ٓ ـنُ

ْ

ون Sākin present in the following words:

ُدْن

ا

َ

ان , ي

ٌ َ

ُ ْ}ي

ان ,ب

ٌ َ

, ِصْنو

َ

ان ِ قْنو

ٌ (Lesson 20)

Answer: In the above four words, a Yarmalūn letter is present after ٓ ـنُ

ْ

نو Sākin in the same

word. Idghām will not be done in these words, instead Iẓĥār Muṭlaq will be done. Hence

do not make Ghunnaĥ (nasalization) in above four words.

Question: What is Saktaĥ? (Lesson 20)

To stop the sound and then to continue reading ahead holding the breath is

called Saktaĥ i.e. the sound should stop whilst holding the breath.

Question: What is the meaning of Tasĥīl? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The meaning of Tasĥīl is to make soft i.e. pronounce the second Ĥamzaĥ with a

soft tone.

Question: What is Imālaĥ? (Lesson 20)

Answer: To incline the sound of Zabar towards Zayr and the sound of فِلَا towards اَ

ي

is called Imālaĥ.

Question: How is the ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ pronounced? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ is pronounced ‘ےَ

ِی’ of instead’ ر

.‘ر

Question: What is meant by Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: The meaning of Waqf is to pause or stop.

Question: How to deal with if there is a Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, or even double Zayr or double

Paysh on the last letter of the phrase in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, double Zayr or double Paysh is present on the last letter of

the phrase, then make that (last) letter Sākin when making Waqf.

Question: If there is Tanwīn of double Zabar on the last letter of a phrase, then how to

deal with it in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If double Zabar is present on the last letter of the phrase, then pronounce it

as فِلَا when making Waqf.

To stop the sound and then to continue reading ahead holding the breath is

called Saktaĥ i.e. the sound should stop whilst holding the breath.

Question: What is the meaning of Tasĥīl? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The meaning of Tasĥīl is to make soft i.e. pronounce the second Ĥamzaĥ with a

soft tone.

Question: What is Imālaĥ? (Lesson 20)

Answer: To incline the sound of Zabar towards Zayr and the sound of فِلَا towards اَ

ي

is called Imālaĥ.

Question: How is the ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ pronounced? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ is pronounced ‘ےَ

ِی’ of instead’ ر

.‘ر

Question: What is meant by Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: The meaning of Waqf is to pause or stop.

Question: How to deal with if there is a Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, or even double Zayr or double

Paysh on the last letter of the phrase in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, double Zayr or double Paysh is present on the last letter of

the phrase, then make that (last) letter Sākin when making Waqf.

Question: If there is Tanwīn of double Zabar on the last letter of a phrase, then how to

deal with it in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If double Zabar is present on the last letter of the phrase, then pronounce it

as فِلَا when making Waqf.

To stop the sound and then to continue reading ahead holding the breath is

called Saktaĥ i.e. the sound should stop whilst holding the breath.

Question: What is the meaning of Tasĥīl? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The meaning of Tasĥīl is to make soft i.e. pronounce the second Ĥamzaĥ with a

soft tone.

Question: What is Imālaĥ? (Lesson 20)

Answer: To incline the sound of Zabar towards Zayr and the sound of فِلَا towards اَ

ي

is called Imālaĥ.

Question: How is the ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ pronounced? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ is pronounced ‘ےَ

ِی’ of instead’ ر

.‘ر

Question: What is meant by Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: The meaning of Waqf is to pause or stop.

Question: How to deal with if there is a Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, or even double Zayr or double

Paysh on the last letter of the phrase in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, double Zayr or double Paysh is present on the last letter of

the phrase, then make that (last) letter Sākin when making Waqf.

Question: If there is Tanwīn of double Zabar on the last letter of a phrase, then how to

deal with it in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If double Zabar is present on the last letter of the phrase, then pronounce it

as فِلَا when making Waqf.

To stop the sound and then to continue reading ahead holding the breath is

called Saktaĥ i.e. the sound should stop whilst holding the breath.

Question: What is the meaning of Tasĥīl? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The meaning of Tasĥīl is to make soft i.e. pronounce the second Ĥamzaĥ with a

soft tone.

Question: What is Imālaĥ? (Lesson 20)

Answer: To incline the sound of Zabar towards Zayr and the sound of فِلَا towards اَ

ي

is called Imālaĥ.

Question: How is the ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ pronounced? (Lesson 20)

Answer: The ا

َ

ر of Imālaĥ is pronounced ‘ےَ

ِی’ of instead’ ر

.‘ر

Question: What is meant by Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: The meaning of Waqf is to pause or stop.

Question: How to deal with if there is a Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, or even double Zayr or double

Paysh on the last letter of the phrase in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, double Zayr or double Paysh is present on the last letter of

the phrase, then make that (last) letter Sākin when making Waqf.

Question: If there is Tanwīn of double Zabar on the last letter of a phrase, then how to

deal with it in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)

Answer: If double Zabar is present on the last letter of the phrase, then pronounce it

as فِلَا when making Waqf.