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WorksheetsSenior Brain Bee Chapter 17: Solving Human Problems
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 15mins
What do patients with severe neurological disorder have?
difficulty communicating with the outside world
cerebral palsy
difficulty sleeping
memory loss
What can the Brain Machine Interface do?
it helps people sleep
it causes diseases
it can bypass problems of communicating with the outside world
read glial cells
How can the brain machine interface bypass such problems?
because it runs on electricity
by reading the activity of millions of neurons through
electroencephalographic (EEG) activity from the brain’s surface or from implanted electrodes
because it is big
because it is small
What can a neuroprosthetic device do?
read the activity of neurons
receive signals
detect chemicals
predict the behavioral intentions of research participants
What advantages does the neuroprosthetic device give?
brain machine interface
neural control of parts of their surroundings: from
computer cursors to video games to robotic limbs
big advantages
small advantages
What is the drawback of neuroprosthetic devices?
they can draw information from only a few hundreds of neurons
they break
they are too big
they are robotic
Where are the electrodes surgically embedded in Deep Brain Stimulation?
in the hypothalamus
in specific brain regions
in the cortex
nowhere
How can DBS alleviate specific disease symptoms?
depending on where the electrodes are placed in the brain
because it is small
because it is electric
because it has multiple chemical signalers
What does the implanted device rely on in deep brain stimulation?
electric signals in the neurons
neurotransmitters
action potentials
the fact that neuronal connection uses electrical signals
What does DBS help do?
trigger action potential
attract neurotransmitters
drown out noise and help neurons communicate better
What are some disorders that DBS has been used to treat?
autism
parkinson's
epilepsy, tourette syndrome, and OCD, and dystonia
Phobia and Panic Disorder
What does transcranial stimulation do?
it is the opposite of DBS
Uses magnetic fields or low electric currents to alter neural activity in a specific brain region and indirectly, deeper brain structures to which it connects
uses gravity
uses water molecules
What are the types of transcranial stimulation?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
MRI and PET
Transcranial direct current stimulation
(tDCS)
Transcranial alternating current
stimulation (tACS)
Deep Brain Stimulation
What are some of the applications of DBS?
improving symptoms of all neuronal disorders
curing all genetic disorders
deep brain stimulation
tDCS and tACS might be used to improve working memory as well as to relieve chronic pain
and the symptoms of depression, fibromyalgia, schizophrenia,and other disorders.
What is the problem with Deep Brain Stimulation?
the devices are too powerful for the brain
scientists don't know exactly how these devices work to improve symptoms and they also don't know how to position the devices
the devices are microscopic
the devices are too big
What are stem cells?
neurons
glial cells
all cells
Unspecialized cells that give rise to cells
with specific functions
What can stem cell therapy do?
recycle neurons
create disorders
make glial cells
continuously produce neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and replace cells lost to brain diseases
What does Virus mediated therapy do?
Unspecialized cells that give rise to cells
with specific functions
viruses are used to carry therapeutic drugs or genes into the brain to correct nervous system
help neurons
cure disorders
What disease is virus mediated therapy being tested with?
alzheimers
parkinsons
sclerosis
autism spectrum
What do trophic factors control?
harmful chemicals
oxygen and other gases
the development and survival of specific group of neurons
unused chemicals
How can trophic factors improve disease symptoms?
they can cure diseases
they can produce life sustaining chemicals
they can be genetically modified and targeted to a specific brain region where cells have died
they can be engineered
What are some things that Nerve Growth Factor does?
slow down destruction of neurons that use neurotransmitters
prevent cell death
treat Alzheimer's
treat depression
accelerate cell growth
What is one of the biggest challenges in developing new drugs that will help treat neurological or psychiatric diseases?
finding big molecules
finding molecules that can cross the protective blood brain barrier
making huge discoveries
curing the patient
What is the blood brain barrier?
a group of blood cells
a part of the brain
a part of the heart and the roof of the nose
tightly
packed endothelial cells lining blood vessels restrict the kinds of molecules that can enter the
brain.
What is CRISPR-CAS9?
a virus cell
a part of a virus
patterns of DNA sequences found in the genomes of bacteria and other microorganisms
a molecular scissor
What does the CRISPR-CAS9 do when a virus threatens?
the bacteria uses the CRISPR immune system to identify and destroy the viral genome
the immune system responds to the virus
the virus takes over all the cells
the virus consumes the bacteria
Scientists have adapted the CRISPR immune system for animals and now, humans
True
False
What is Cas9?
it is the guide molecule
it is the immune system
it is an enzyme that works like a pair of molecular scissors. A guide molecule is programmed to tell the enzyme exactly where to cut in the DNA.
a neurotransmitter
What is CRISPR-Cas9 technology?
an immune system
a neurotransmitter
it is a viral genome
It is a DNA editing technique, works like a biological
version of a word processing programme’s “find and
replace” button”
