any of several processes used to separate a mixture into its individual components based on their attraction to a stationary liquid or solid

test done to establish with certainty the characteristics of a substance

properties that can be measured without changing the identity of the evidence

allow a field investigator to screen evidence to reduce the number of possibilities and to get a preliminary identification. (saliva, semen, blood, urine, and vaginal secretions)

Most widely used microscope

Light source and multiple lenses

Magnifcation between 40x to 1000x

View hair, fibers, and cells

Sometimes called a dissecting microscope

Light is reflected from the specimen surface

Produces a three-dimensional image useful for dissecting

Better surface details of:

Inspect insect larvae, paint chips, and other small items

Two microscopes connected to one eyepiece

Two samples are visible side by side

Useful for comparing bullet striations, fibers, and hair

passes electrons through the sample to produce images of internal structures

passes electrons over the surface to produce a three-dimensional image

analysis results in a measurable amount

analysis results in a description or identification of the components

Passes liquid or gas through a column or tube packed with a porous solid material

The electromagnetic spectrum can help us:

Analyzes the light emissions to determine what elements are present

Combined with gas chromatography to identify atoms and molecules by their masses

Measures the amount of light of a specific wavelength absorbed by atoms of a substance

measures wavelengths of light; used to determine the concentration of elements in a substance

Fingerprints can be developed on which types of surfaces?

Which of the following is considered a fingerprint-developing technique

DNA pattern that distinguishes one individual from another

________________ properties are characteristics that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance.

___________________ properties are characteristics that determine the way a substance interacts with other substances.

______________ tests screen evidence for possible identification. Confirmatory tests determine the identity of evidence.

The ______________________ microscope is one of the most useful tools in forensic investigations because it allows for the side-by-side comparison of samples.

Quantitative analysis will always produce a ___________________ or a proportion.

Qualitative analysis will always provide a ______________ or statement.

______________________ is the distance between peaks of consecutive waves.