The flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers provided silt for farming.

The first civilization of Sumer with its city-states were established here:

Ziggurats were built by these people for their gods.

They built walls, waterways and ditches to irritate farm fields.

They developed the wheel, wagon, sailboat, plow, number 60, cuneiform.

First set of written law, Hammurabi's Code, was produced by this civilization.

Consisted of several civilizations such as the Persians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Hittites, Israelites, Babylonians, Elamites, Chaldeans, Phoenicians...

Developed a religious system of gods/goddesses based on nature.

Located in the Fertile Crescent between the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf.

Located in the North East of the African Continent, South of the Mediterranean Sea, West of the Red Sea:

Nile River supplied water and silt for farming wheat and cotton:

They mummified their dead for the journey in the after life:

Divided into three kingdom periods with years of chaos in-between each kingdom:

Used papyrus scrolls to write hieroglyphics.

Created a 365 day calendar, number system based on 10, and geometry for their large building structures.

Government and military was led by ruler called Pharaohs

Polytheistic culture whose main god was Amon Ra, the sun god:

Believed their soul would reunite with their bodies in the afterlife and "live" in their tombs.

Mastabas, pyramid's and hidden cave tombs were built for rulers and high ranking or wealthy people.

Ramses, Hatshepsut, Ahmose, Tutankahmun, Akhenaten, Menes, Khufu, Thutmose

Experienced cold/dry winter monsoons and hot/wet summer monsoons

Located in modern day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan

Harappan, Mohenjo Daro, Aryan, Muaryan, Asoka, Gupta

Cities laid out in a grid-lock pattern, indoor plumbing, sewer drains, public baths

Extremely rigid social Class structure called a CASTE system with a lowest class called the Untouchables

Called their rulers Raja's

Created an older written language that his not been translated yet and newer language of Sanskrit

Hinduism and Buddhism developed in different periods of this civilization

Hindu kush Mountains, Himalayan Mountains, Ganges River

Huang He, Chiang Jang, Gobi Desert, Himalayan Mts, Tibetan Plateau

Developed Terrace Farming to farm on the side of hills and mountains

Shi Huangdi, Tang, Yu, Wu, Liu Bang, Wu Di

Oracle bones and Diviners used to talk to or interpret the will of the gods

Shang, Xia, Qin, Han, Zhou

Mandate of Heaven used to claim power and authority from the gods

Confucius teachings of peace through kindness and respect in the relationships between parent/child and ruler/subject

Legalism teaching of using harsh force and military strength to have people submit to your will

Isolated and separated from the rest of the world due to the geographic boundaries

Terra-cotta Army and Great Wall

Civilization began around 3500 BCE

Civilization began around 2700 BCE

Developed a picture based writing system that was used on animal bones

Civilization began around 26-2500 BCE

Civilization began around 2200 BCE

Warring States period between the kings and noble classes

Were ruled by a monarchy government with a king

Believed in a Theocracy or religious government and that their rulers were gods

Farmed Silk Worms to make cloth to be traded

Beginning of the Silk Road Trade Route

End of the Silk Road trade Route

At some point in the Civilizations history, they created Empires by conquering other people groups