When you make or observe an outline, you are describing or suggesting the ________ of a form or a shape.

In works of art, shapes are defined as the areas within a composition that have ________ that separate them from what surrounds them.

________ is a progression from light to dark.

Dense patterns of crisscrossed lines are called _____________.

The push–pull effect between the figure and ground creates a composition that is dynamic rather than static.

Frank Gehry, the architect of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (Fig. 2-22), refers to his work as a metallic flower.

A solid form has ________ mass and occupies three-dimensional space.

______________ shapes are radical alterations of visible reality—simplifications, exaggerations, or transmutations—that sometimes bear little resemblance to the original entities from which they were derived.

Psychological line suggests an actual connection—a visible linear path—between or among elements or characters in a composition.

In works with ________, the viewer perceives discontinuous lines as continuous.

It is _____________ that describes objects and separates them from each other and the surrounding space in a composition.

What name identifies the technique of gradual shifting from light to dark through a successive gradation of tones across a curved surface—a technique often used to create the illusion of three dimensions in two-dimensional media?

Modeling on a two-dimensional surface is the creation of the illusion of roundness, or three dimensions, through the use of ________.

Both rectilinear and curvilinear shapes can also be described as __________in that they may be derived from mathematical formulas and are rendered with great precision.

Gestalt psychologists have noted that shapes can be ambiguous to encourage ________ reversals with viewers.

The ________ of a line is its length and its width.

Leonardo was more interested in shape, using the contrast and gradations of light and shade—a technique called chiaroscuro to create the illusion of three-dimensionality on the two-dimensional surface.

A contour line is an actual line that defines a boundary or outer edge.

An artist may manipulate the characteristics of the quality of a line to create an illusion of __________.