Mohammad Hatta was born in Fort De Kock (now known as Bukittinggi) into a prominent and strongly Islamic family. His mother's family was wealthy, and Hatta was able to study Dutch as well as finishing Qur'an after school.

In 1919, Hatta went to the HBS in Batavia. He completed his study with distinction in 1921, and was allowed to continue to study at the Erasmus University

Rotterdam) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He took economics as his major and earned a doctorandus degree in 1932.

In the Netherlands, Hatta joined the Indische Vereeniging. In 1922, the organization changed its name to Indonesische Vereeniging and later to its Indonesian translation: the Perhimpoenan

Indonesia.

By the middle of 1927, Perhimpoenan Indonesia's activities had alarmed the Dutch authorities. In June 1927, Dutch authorities raided the residence of the organization's leaders, searching through their rooms and putting Hatta and other four Indonesian activists behind bars. After spending nearly six months in prison, they were taken to trial in the Hague. They were permitted to explain themselves during the hearing, and Hatta took to the opportunity to explain Indonesia's nationalist cause. He made a speech to the court explaining that Indonesia's interests were in conflict with those of the Dutch, and that was why they could not cooperate. Hatta advocated cooperation between Indonesia and the Netherlands, but only if Indonesia was independent and treated as an equal partner, not unequally because of its status as a colony. The speech became famous and it is known as the Indonesia Vrij (Indonesia Merdeka) or Free Indonesia speech.

In 1929, Hatta and other Perhimpoenan Indonesia activists were released. In July 1932, Hatta made his way home to Indonesia.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Mohammad Hatta)

Why did the Dutch authorities put Hatta behind the bars? Because …

Mohammad Hatta was born in Fort De Kock (now known as Bukittinggi) into a prominent and strongly Islamic family. His mother's family was wealthy, and Hatta was able to study Dutch as well as finishing Qur'an after school.

In 1919, Hatta went to the HBS in Batavia. He completed his study with distinction in 1921, and was allowed to continue to study at the Erasmus University

Rotterdam) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He took economics as his major and earned a doctorandus degree in 1932.

In the Netherlands, Hatta joined the Indische Vereeniging. In 1922, the organization changed its name to Indonesische Vereeniging and later to its Indonesian translation: the Perhimpoenan

Indonesia.

By the middle of 1927, Perhimpoenan Indonesia's activities had alarmed the Dutch authorities. In June 1927, Dutch authorities raided the residence of the organization's leaders, searching through their rooms and putting Hatta and other four Indonesian activists behind bars. After spending nearly six months in prison, they were taken to trial in the Hague. They were permitted to explain themselves during the hearing, and Hatta took to the opportunity to explain Indonesia's nationalist cause. He made a speech to the court explaining that Indonesia's interests were in conflict with those of the Dutch, and that was why they could not cooperate. Hatta advocated cooperation between Indonesia and the Netherlands, but only if Indonesia was independent and treated as an equal partner, not unequally because of its status as a colony. The speech became famous and it is known as the Indonesia Vrij (Indonesia Merdeka) or Free Indonesia speech.

In 1929, Hatta and other Perhimpoenan Indonesia activists were released. In July 1932, Hatta made his way home to Indonesia.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Mohammad Hatta)

From the text we know that …

Mohammad Hatta was born in Fort De Kock (now known as Bukittinggi) into a prominent and strongly Islamic family. His mother's family was wealthy, and Hatta was able to study Dutch as well as finishing Qur'an after school.

In 1919, Hatta went to the HBS in Batavia. He completed his study with distinction in 1921, and was allowed to continue to study at the Erasmus University

Rotterdam) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He took economics as his major and earned a doctorandus degree in 1932.

In the Netherlands, Hatta joined the Indische Vereeniging. In 1922, the organization changed its name to Indonesische Vereeniging and later to its Indonesian translation: the Perhimpoenan

Indonesia.

By the middle of 1927, Perhimpoenan Indonesia's activities had alarmed the Dutch authorities. In June 1927, Dutch authorities raided the residence of the organization's leaders, searching through their rooms and putting Hatta and other four Indonesian activists behind bars. After spending nearly six months in prison, they were taken to trial in the Hague. They were permitted to explain themselves during the hearing, and Hatta took to the opportunity to explain Indonesia's nationalist cause. He made a speech to the court explaining that Indonesia's interests were in conflict with those of the Dutch, and that was why they could not cooperate. Hatta advocated cooperation between Indonesia and the Netherlands, but only if Indonesia was independent and treated as an equal partner, not unequally because of its status as a colony. The speech became famous and it is known as the Indonesia Vrij (Indonesia Merdeka) or Free Indonesia speech.

In 1929, Hatta and other Perhimpoenan Indonesia activists were released. In July 1932, Hatta made his way home to Indonesia.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Mohammad Hatta)

“…putting Hatta and other four Indonesian activists behind bars.”(Paragraph 3). The underlined phrase means ….

Buya Hamka was born in Sungai Batang, Tanjung Raya, Agam

Regency, West Sumatra, Dutch

East Indies on 17 February 1908 and died in Jakarta, Indonesia on 24 July 1981 at the age of 73 years. He was an Indonesian ulama, novelist, philosopher and political activist.

Before his education in formal schools,

Hamka lived with his grandmother in a house south of Maninjau. When he was six years

old he moved with his father to Padang Panjang, West Sumatera. Following common

tradition in Minang, as a child he studied the Quran and slept in a mosque

because Minang boys did not have a place to sleep in the family house. In the

mosque he studied the Quran and silek. While studying in Helmi Talib, he was

not considered as a smart child, he even often did not attend in a few days

because he felt bored and chose to seek knowledge in his own way. He preferred

to be in a library owned by his public teacher. In the library, he was free to

read a variety of books, even some he borrowed to be taken home. He was scolded

by his father when he was caught busy reading Kaba Cindua Mato. His father said, "Are you going to be

a pious person or become a storyteller?" At the same time, he was no

longer interested in completing education at Thawalib. After studying for four

years, he decided to get out of Thawalib. He came out without obtaining a

diploma. In those days after that, Hamka was taken to Parabek, about 5 km from

the Pengkalan Batu in 1922 to learn with Aiman Ibrahim Wong, but did not last long. He preferred to

follow his heart to seek knowledge and experience in his own way. He decided to

leave for Java. After a year in Java, in July 1925 Hamka was going back to Padang Panjang. Between the businesses of his activity in the field of Dawah through writing, he took speech in several places in Padang Panjang. But at that moment, everything is precisely sharply criticized by his father, "Speeches alone are useless, fill yourself with knowledge, then those speeches would be meaningful and useful." On the other hand, he did not get a good reception from the public. He was often derided as "uncertified Islam orator", even he had received criticism from some scholars because he did not master Arabic language well. Criticism he received in his native land, he made it as a whip to make him more mature.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Hamka)

What did Hamka do during spending his childhood in the mosque?

Buya Hamka was born in Sungai Batang, Tanjung Raya, Agam

Regency, West Sumatra, Dutch

East Indies on 17 February 1908 and died in Jakarta, Indonesia on 24 July 1981 at the age of 73 years. He was an Indonesian ulama, novelist, philosopher and political activist.

Before his education in formal schools,

Hamka lived with his grandmother in a house south of Maninjau. When he was six years

old he moved with his father to Padang Panjang, West Sumatera. Following common

tradition in Minang, as a child he studied the Quran and slept in a mosque

because Minang boys did not have a place to sleep in the family house. In the

mosque he studied the Quran and silek. While studying in Helmi Talib, he was

not considered as a smart child, he even often did not attend in a few days

because he felt bored and chose to seek knowledge in his own way. He preferred

to be in a library owned by his public teacher. In the library, he was free to

read a variety of books, even some he borrowed to be taken home. He was scolded

by his father when he was caught busy reading Kaba Cindua Mato. His father said, "Are you going to be

a pious person or become a storyteller?" At the same time, he was no

longer interested in completing education at Thawalib. After studying for four

years, he decided to get out of Thawalib. He came out without obtaining a

diploma. In those days after that, Hamka was taken to Parabek, about 5 km from

the Pengkalan Batu in 1922 to learn with Aiman Ibrahim Wong, but did not last long. He preferred to

follow his heart to seek knowledge and experience in his own way. He decided to

leave for Java. After a year in Java, in July 1925 Hamka was going back to Padang Panjang. Between the businesses of his activity in the field of Dawah through writing, he took speech in several places in Padang Panjang. But at that moment, everything is precisely sharply criticized by his father, "Speeches alone are useless, fill yourself with knowledge, then those speeches would be meaningful and useful." On the other hand, he did not get a good reception from the public. He was often derided as "uncertified Islam orator", even he had received criticism from some scholars because he did not master Arabic language well. Criticism he received in his native land, he made it as a whip to make him more mature.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Hamka)

What made people in Padang Panjang not respect his speech?

Buya Hamka was born in Sungai Batang, Tanjung Raya, Agam

Regency, West Sumatra, Dutch

East Indies on 17 February 1908 and died in Jakarta, Indonesia on 24 July 1981 at the age of 73 years. He was an Indonesian ulama, novelist, philosopher and political activist.

Before his education in formal schools,

Hamka lived with his grandmother in a house south of Maninjau. When he was six years

old he moved with his father to Padang Panjang, West Sumatera. Following common

tradition in Minang, as a child he studied the Quran and slept in a mosque

because Minang boys did not have a place to sleep in the family house. In the

mosque he studied the Quran and silek. While studying in Helmi Talib, he was

not considered as a smart child, he even often did not attend in a few days

because he felt bored and chose to seek knowledge in his own way. He preferred

to be in a library owned by his public teacher. In the library, he was free to

read a variety of books, even some he borrowed to be taken home. He was scolded

by his father when he was caught busy reading Kaba Cindua Mato. His father said, "Are you going to be

a pious person or become a storyteller?" At the same time, he was no

longer interested in completing education at Thawalib. After studying for four

years, he decided to get out of Thawalib. He came out without obtaining a

diploma. In those days after that, Hamka was taken to Parabek, about 5 km from

the Pengkalan Batu in 1922 to learn with Aiman Ibrahim Wong, but did not last long. He preferred to

follow his heart to seek knowledge and experience in his own way. He decided to

leave for Java. After a year in Java, in July 1925 Hamka was going back to Padang Panjang. Between the businesses of his activity in the field of Dawah through writing, he took speech in several places in Padang Panjang. But at that moment, everything is precisely sharply criticized by his father, "Speeches alone are useless, fill yourself with knowledge, then those speeches would be meaningful and useful." On the other hand, he did not get a good reception from the public. He was often derided as "uncertified Islam orator", even he had received criticism from some scholars because he did not master Arabic language well. Criticism he received in his native land, he made it as a whip to make him more mature.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Hamka)

From the text we know that …

Buya Hamka was born in Sungai Batang, Tanjung Raya, Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Dutch

East Indies on 17 February 1908 and died in Jakarta, Indonesia on 24 July 1981 at the age of 73 years. He was an Indonesian ulama, novelist, philosopher and political activist.

Before his education in formal schools,

Hamka lived with his grandmother in a house south of Maninjau. When he was six years old he moved with his father to Padang Panjang, West Sumatera. Following common tradition in Minang, as a child he studied the Quran and slept in a mosque because Minang boys did not have a place to sleep in the family house. In the mosque he studied the Quran and silek. While studying in Helmi Talib, he was not considered as a smart child, he even often did not attend in a few days because he felt bored and chose to seek knowledge in his own way. He preferred to be in a library owned by his public teacher. In the library, he was free to read a variety of books, even some he borrowed to be taken home. He was scolded by his father when he was caught busy reading Kaba Cindua Mato. His father said, "Are you going to be a pious person or become a storyteller?" At the same time, he was no longer interested in completing education at Thawalib. After studying for four

years, he decided to get out of Thawalib. He came out without obtaining a diploma. In those days after that, Hamka was taken to Parabek, about 5 km from the Pengkalan Batu in 1922 to learn with Aiman Ibrahim Wong, but did not last long. He preferred to follow his heart to seek knowledge and experience in his own way. He decided to leave for Java. After a year in Java, in July 1925 Hamka was going back to Padang Panjang. Between the businesses of his activity in the field of Dawah through writing, he took speech in several places in Padang Panjang. But at that moment, everything is precisely sharply criticized by his father, "Speeches alone are useless, fill yourself with knowledge, then those speeches would be meaningful and useful." On the other hand, he did not get a good reception from the public. He was often derided as "uncertified Islam orator", even he had received criticism from some scholars because he did not master Arabic language well. Criticism he received in his native land, he made it as a whip to make him more mature.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>Hamka)

The underlined word “derided” in the last paragraph means …

Ali Akbar Navis (born in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra November 17, 1924 - died in Padang March 22, 2003 at 78 years of age) was a prominent Indonesian author, poet and humorist.

Navis showed signs of creativity from a young age. Before discovering his talents as a writer, he was an accomplished flautist and viola player. He was also a skilled painter. His skill as a writer led to his appointment on the Central Sumatra Cultural Committee from 1953–55, and his good English language skills meant he was often asked to assist foreign scholars studying Minangkabau culture.

Navis rose to prominence with the story Surau Kami in 1955, which was voted one of the three best stories of the year by the literary magazine, Kisah. The story was considered very brave in criticizing the pious who neglect the poor. His collection of short stories was released under the same title in 1956 and has been translated into English, German and Japanese.

Navis taught many other writers while producing his own short stories, novels, poetry, children’s stories, radio plays and essays on cultural and social problems. He wrote 22 books, plus five anthologies with other poets, and eight anthologies abroad. He also composed 106 papers for academic publishers and activities at home and abroad. They were later collected in the book A Walk Along the Way.

Between 1971-1982 Navis served as a member of his home province's house of representatives. He also served as President of the INS KayuTanam, an educational foundation. He was also concerned about the quality of national education, especially what he saw as the failure to read and write with open minds. Navis died after a long illness.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>A.A_Navis)

One skill that made Navis prominent is ….

Ali Akbar Navis (born in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra November 17, 1924 - died in Padang March 22, 2003 at 78 years of age) was a prominent Indonesian author, poet and humorist.

Navis showed signs of creativity from a young age. Before discovering his talents as a writer, he was an accomplished flautist and viola player. He was also a skilled painter. His skill as a writer led to his appointment on the Central Sumatra Cultural Committee from 1953–55, and his good English language skills meant he was often asked to assist foreign scholars studying Minangkabau culture.

Navis rose to prominence with the story Surau Kami in 1955, which was voted one of the three best stories of the year by the literary magazine, Kisah. The story was considered very brave in criticizing the pious who neglect the poor. His collection of short stories was released under the same title in 1956 and has been translated into English, German and Japanese.

Navis taught many other writers while producing his own short stories, novels, poetry, children’s stories, radio plays and essays on cultural and social problems. He wrote 22 books, plus five anthologies with other poets, and eight anthologies abroad. He also composed 106 papers for academic publishers and activities at home and abroad. They were later collected in the book A Walk Along the Way.

Between 1971-1982 Navis served as a member of his home province's house of representatives. He also served as President of the INS KayuTanam, an educational foundation. He was also concerned about the quality of national education, especially what he saw as the failure to read and write with open minds. Navis died after a long illness.

(source: hhtp://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki>A.A_Navis)

What made Surau Kami be voted one of the three best stories?

Habibie started his real career in Germany Aircraft Industries by becoming the Head of Research and Development of Structure Analysis in Hamburg, Germany (1965-1969). Later, he became the Vice President and Technology Director of MBB Gmbh, Hamburg and Munchen (1973-1978), and Technology Senior Advisor to the MBB Board of Directors (1978). While working in Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), he conducted many research assignments, producing theories on thermodynamics, construction, and aerodynamics, known as the Habibie Factor, Habibie Theorem, and Habibie Method, respectively.

How long did Habibie work as technology director in Hamburg and Munchen?

Habibie started his real career in Germany Aircraft Industries by becoming the Head of Research and Development of Structure Analysis in Hamburg, Germany (1965-1969). Later, he became the Vice President and Technology Director of MBB Gmbh, Hamburg and Munchen (1973-1978), and Technology Senior Advisor to the MBB Board of Directors (1978). While working in Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), he conducted many research assignments, producing theories on thermodynamics, construction, and aerodynamics, known as the Habibie Factor, Habibie Theorem, and Habibie Method, respectively.

From the text above, we know that ....

Soekarno, born as Kusno Sosrodiharjo, was the first President of Indonesia. He was the leader of his country’s struggle for independence from the Nederland and was Indonesia’s first president from 1945-1967. He was prominent leader of Indonesia’s nationalist movement during the Dutch colonial period, and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces.

Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, whereby Sukarno was appointed as first president. Sukarno led Indonesians in resisting Dutch re-colonization efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch acknowledge of Indonesian independence in 1949.

The communicative purpose of the text is … in Indonesia’s independence

Soekarno, born as Kusno Sosrodiharjo, was the first President of Indonesia. He was the leader of his country’s struggle for independence from the Nederland and was Indonesia’s first president from 1945-1967. He was prominent leader of Indonesia’s nationalist movement during the Dutch colonial period, and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces.

Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, whereby Sukarno was appointed as first president. Sukarno led Indonesians in resisting Dutch re-colonization efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch acknowledge of Indonesian independence in 1949.

The text mainly discusses …

Soekarno, born as Kusno Sosrodiharjo, was the first President of Indonesia. He was the leader of his country’s struggle for independence from the Nederland and was Indonesia’s first president from 1945-1967. He was prominent leader of Indonesia’s nationalist movement during the Dutch colonial period, and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces.

Soekarno’s young name is…

When he heard the police knocking on the door, he ____ under the bed.

He pulled out a gun and everybody _____ away.

When I was a child, we _____ anywhere at weekends; it was boring.

Which tense is this?

"Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music in his lifetime of only 35 years."

The standards of living in Europe ___________(go) up during the 1960s.