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Child Development Ch 2 Theories (How and Why We Develop)

Total questions: 26

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage of development do adolescents face? (HINT: YOU ARE IN THIS STAGE)

a)

Initiative versus guilt.

b)

Identity versus identity confusion.

c)

Trust versus mistrust.

d)

Autonomy versus shame and doubt.

2.

Which of the following is not one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

a)

Preoperational.

b)

Concrete operational.

c)

Formal operational.

d)

Post operational.

3.

Vykgotsky is associated with which developmental theory?

a)

Sociocultural theory.

b)

Operant conditioning.

c)

Behaviorism.

d)

Cognitive theory.

4.

Which of the following is not a level of thinking in making moral decisions, according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

a)

Higher principles

b)

Personal gain and competition

c)

Reward and punishment

d)

Laws and others' perceptions

5.

What was the end result of Pavlov's experiment with the dog?

a)

The dog ceased to salivate at all.

b)

The dog salivated at the sight of food only.

c)

The dog salivated at the sound of the bell.

d)

The dog salivated without any external prompts.

6.

B.F. Skinner is credited with discovering _____ conditioning.

a)

behavioral

b)

classical

c)

cognitive

d)

operant

7.

The theory that people are affected by rewards and punishments, but that their reactions to rewards and punishments are filtered by their own perceptions, thoughts, and motivations is called _____ theory.

a)

behavioral

b)

ecological

c)

social cognitive

d)

psychoanalytic

8.

Family, community, peers, and the media are all examples of _____ influences.

a)

biological

b)

behaviorist

c)

environmental

d)

socio-emotional

9.

Ideas about how people process information, think, and learn.

a)

cognitive theories

b)

cognition

c)

andragogy

d)

pedagogy

10.

Erikson's theory consisting of eight stages in which people must successfully resolve a psychological and/or social conflict before moving to the next stage in life.

a)

psychosocial development theory

b)

continuity

c)

behaviorism

d)

operant conditioning

11.

Jim conditions Dwight to want a mint when his computer chimes. Which scientist discovered this conditioning?

a)

Kolberg

b)

Pavlov

c)

Skinner

d)

Freud

12.

A parent can condition their child to be scared of something unintentionally (For example a fear of animals or water.)

a)

True

b)

False

13.

When asked a question w/ a moral decision, child based on their decisions on?

a)

punishment and rewards

b)

laws

c)

how others will perceive them

d)

justice/ other principles

14.

Erikson's social conflicts in each stage need to be resolved with a balance (Ex: A parent reacting to their needs in a dependable way, not too overbearing)

a)

False

b)

True

15.

Erikson built off of Kolberg's research.

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Freud and Erikson both believed in psychoanalytic theory, however Erikson believed in early AND later life experience affecting development.

a)

False

b)

True

17.

Forrest Gump and Jenny's relationship would be Forrest attempted to resolve what social conflict?

a)

trust vs. mistrust

b)

identity vs. confusion

c)

intimacy vs. isolation

d)

integrity vs. despair

18.

The case study with Daria and Dmitry is basically an experiment of:

a)

positive reinforcement

b)

moral decision making

c)

nature vs. nurture

d)

observable behaviors

19.

Someone who believes in behaviorism would say that after Dmitry leaves, his mother would have more of an influence on raising his children over their genes.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

Behaviorists favor the NATURE side of nature vs. nurture

a)

False

b)

True

21.

Which of the developmental theories that we've covered in class is the "correct" theory?

a)

Operant conditioning

b)

Psychosocial theory of development

c)

Moral development theory

d)

Each theory is valid to some extent

22.

What do developmental theories help us to do?

a)

Help us understand people

b)

Help us develop empathy

c)

Give us a broader image of development

d)

All of the above

23.

What is object permanence?

a)

Viewing the world in relation to oneself

b)

Knowing that a quantity doesn’t change if it’s altered

c)

Knowing that an object still exists if it’s hidden

d)

Being able to think abstractly

24.

 If a person’s moral decisions are based on obeying authority, they are in what stage of moral development?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

25.

Albert Bandura believed that people will imitate other people’s behaviors:

a)

With no punishment or rewards

b)

with really good rewards

26.

 The ______ is the tasks that a learner can do with assistance.

a)

Scaffolding

b)

Modeling

c)

ZPD (Zone of proximal development)

d)

Heinz Dilemma