The material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics

In a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

A nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure;

adenine or guanine

A nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; in DNA, either thymine or cytosine

The process of making a copy of DNA

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication

A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis;

The manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits

The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template

The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains

In DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal

A three nucleotide sequence that is complementary to an mRNA codon

molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (the ribosomes)

molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-making organelle known as a ribosome

An organic compound that is made of chains of amino acids and that is a principle component of all cells