an idea that is opposed to (against) the writer's idea or point of view

Something that is expressed or readily observable. It is obvious to see.

Something that is implied or indirect. You will have to infer.

The language used for a particular activity or by a particular group of people.

Uses words with strongly positive of negative connotations.

little words whose value to an argument are immeasurable

Evidence that negates or disagrees with the counter argument

To prove wrong by argument or evidence

The art and study of using language effectively and persuasively

the tendency to lay down principles as undeniably true, without consideration of evidence or opinions of others

the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines, sentences, phrases, or paragraphs.

Using opposite phrases in close conjunction

encouraging command

implies that the product/idea is better than any others

from a number of observations, a general conclusion is drawn

from a general premise, specific results are predicted.