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WorksheetsParasit Exam 2 Part 1 (Enoplids - half of Spirurids)
Total questions: 110
Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins
Enoplids adults are unique for their
tail
no tail
caudal alae
cervical alae
Trichinelloidea worms have this characteristic body differences
narrow anterior, wide posterior
narrow posterior, wide anterior
narrow posterior and anterior
wide posterior and anterior
General characteristic of Trichinelloidea eggs include
thin shell
rough surface
bipolar opercula
football shape
Which species will whipworms not infect?
horse
dog
raccoon
ruminants
What is unique about Trichuris spp. eggs?
larvae
equal symmetrical halves
thin shell
clear/see through
Clinical signs of whip worms include
asymptomatic
fresh blood in feces
less fecal output
melena
anemia
Treatment for whipworms
Benzimidazoles
Macrocyclic Lactones
Nicotinic Antagonists
Is reinfection possible with Trichuris?
yes, eggs are resistant to environment
no, the eggs die quickly in the environment
Which lifecycle stage of Trichuris is infective?
L1
L2
L3
egg
What is the difference between Tricuris and Capillaria adults?
Capillaria have small uniform body width throughout
Trichuris have small uniform body width throughout
Capillaria have bull whip shape
Trichuris have bull whip shape
Where can Capillaria eggs be detected?
feces
urine
vomit
peritoneal fluid
Capillaria are symptomatic in what species?
Cat
Horse
Dog
Avian
Which species is the fox lungworm?
Eucoleus aerophilus
Capillaria
Trichuris
Rhabditids
How do you differentiate Eucoleus eggs?
asymmetrical halves
bipolar opercula
larvae
symmetrical halves
Eucoleus requires an intermediate host
True
False
Eucoleus eggs are found in
feces
spit
urine
vomit
Which species is this egg?
Eucoleus
Trichuris
Pearsonema
Dictophyma renale
What species does Eucoleus bohemi infect?
Dogs
Cats
Ruminants
Aquatic animals
Which species are found in the urinary system?
Pearsonema plica
Pearsonema feliscati
Dioctophyma renale
Capillaria
Pearsonemia spp intermediate host is..
earthworm
coprophagic beetles
small aquatic animals
arthropods
Trichinella eggs contain..
they contain larvae
they contain 2 cell morula
they contain pre-larvae
they don't lay eggs
Trichinella are capable of reinfection in the same host
true
false
What is true of Trichinella host 2?
must eat feces of host 1
must eat IH of host 1
must eat skeletal muscle of host 1
must come into contact with host 1
Which are common Trichinella host 1?
swine
rat
ruminant
bear
Which describes the Trichinella reservoir host in wildlife?
sylvatic cycle
urban cycle
bubonic cycle
Trichinella spiralis is public health importance, what is the most common clinical sign?
flu-like
nausea, abdominal pain
headache, myalgia
asymptomatic
What genus is this?
Trichinella
Thelazia
Trichuris
Two features of USDA National Trichinae Certification program..
Pre-harvest pork safety
On-farm certification
Nutrition consulting
Feeding hogs garbage
How do you prevent Trichinella spread to humans?
Eat medium-rare meat
Cook meat fully to 137
Eat meat from carnivores
Freeze meat for 10 days
What predisposes dogs to Dioctophyma renale?
playing in waterways
playing in waterways where mink live
catching and eating mink
eating mink poop
Dioctophyma renale adult worms do not have..
bright red color
3 feet long
bell shape copulatory bursa
three lips
Which features describe Dioctophyma renale eggs?
non-embryoneated
develop in water
environmentally resistant
bipolar opercula
Dioctophyma renale is infective at..
L1
L2
L3
pre-larvae
Dioctophyma renale has an intermediate host
yes, snails
yes, mud worm
no
yes, earth worms
Dioctophyma renale always shows clinical signs
True, dehydration, kidney enlargment, hematuria
False
Treat Dioctophyma renale with
surgery
macrocyclic lactones
benzimidazoles
nicotinic agonists
Rhabditids have which unique organ system?
digestive
urinary
reproductive
blood
Pelodera strongyloides infect which body system?
skin
digestive
urinary
respiratory
How do you treate Pelodera strongyloides?
clean dry bedding
let it go
big 3
surgery
Halicephalobus gingivalis is found occasionally in which species?
horse
ruminants
pigs
dogs and cats
Strongyloides spp adults are..
parasitic females
parthenogenesis
live in large intestine
shed eggs in feces
Strongyloides spp. eggs are..
contain L1
oval
thick shelled
have bipolar opercula
Strongyloides spp are free living and
undergo sexual reproduction
undergo asexual reproduction
both
What ways does Strongyloides spp L3 infect a new host?
skin penetration
ingestion of egg in water
transmammary
transplacental
Strongyloides spp L3 are only infective if they are produced by parasitic females.
True
False
Strongyloides stercoralis eggs hatch in the intestine.
True
False
This unique feature is called..
filariform esophagous
rhabditiform esophagous
esophagous
adult esophagus
Which species infective L3 has notched or forked tail?
Strongyloides
Pelodera
Trichuris
Capillaria
Where is Strongyloides stercoralis found?
warm climate
dry climate
wet climate
cold climate
What species is Strongyloides westeri found in?
horse
ruminant
pig
dog and cat
How do you treat Strongyloides westeri in foals?
Benzimidazoles
Nicotinic Antagonists
Surgery
Age related immunity
Where is Strongyloides ransomi found?
pigs in SE
horses in SE
dogs in midwest
pigs in midwest
Strongyloides papillosus is found in which species?
horse
ruminants
dogs and cats
dogs only
Strongyloides tumefacines is common in the SE US.
True
False
Which species is found in water troughs and puddles?
Nematophora
Filarial worms
Strongyloides
Rhabditids
What is the IH for filarial worms?
blood sucking insects
earth worms
coprophagic beetles
snails
What is the common name for Dirofilaria immitis?
heart worm
lung worm
liver fluke
intestinal worm
What is the function of Wolbachia on Dirofilaria immitis?
stimulate embryogenesis
protect from host antibodies
increase pathogenesis
Dirofilaria immitis is
viviparous
oviparous
ovoviparous
What environmental factor influences L1-L3 development of Dirofilaria immitis?
temperature
sunlight
rain
atmospheric pressure
Where does L5 of dirofilaria immitis develop?
skeletal muscle
large pulmonary artery
lung
small pulmonary artery
Which time of year is Dirofilaria immitis spread in the SE?
year round
July-August
September-December
January-June
Microclimates are important in heartworm development.
True
False
Which pathology predisposes for pulmonary hypertension in Dirofilaria immitis infection?
serum leakage
arterial fibrosis
proliferation of arterial intima
right ventricular dilation
What predisposes a dog for complications in heart worm infection?
worm burden
dog activity
mircofilaria burden
pneumonia
What is a side effect of Wolbachia in treatment of Dirofilaria immitis?
inflammation
arteritis
pneumonia
right sided heart failure
What system are the first clinical signs of Dirofilaria immitis seen in?
pulmonary
cardiac
digestive
urinary
Which of the following are signs of Dirofilaria immitis infection?
live failure syndrome
dyspnea
exercise intolerance
fever
Which diagnostic method attempts to quantify the number of heartworm in a dog?
echocardiogram
snap test
microfilaria blood smear
fecal float
Which is a common aberrant location for Dirofilaria immitis?
eye
liver
intestine
kidney
Occult infection with heart worm is..
antigen positive, microfilaria negative
antigen negative, microfilaria negative
antigen positive, microfilaria positive
none
Where is it best to detect microfilaria?
buffy coat
blood smear
knotts test
blood we mount
idk he didn't say so any of them
Which of the following is not a reasons for an occult infection?
immune mediated clearance of microfilaria
low worm burden
female only infection
drug sterility of adult worms
What are reasons for unconventional occult?
all male infection
immature females
ancillary test
effective presentation with ML
How do you kill microfilaria before killing adult Dirofilaria immitis?
melarsomine
macrocyclic lactones
benzimidizoles
nicotinic antagonists
What is the purpose of doxycycline in Dirofilaria immits treatment?
kill Wolbachia
kill microfilaria
kill adults
none
Killing of microfilaria in heart worm infection has no side effects.
True
False
Which days (post diagnosis) do you give melarsomine injections?
15
60
61
90
How long is rest after melarsomine treatment for heart worm?
7-10 days
2-4 weeks
6-8 weeks
6 months
After treatment for heart worm, when should a dog test negative?
6-8 weeks
4 months
6 months
9 months
It takes 6 months for monthly macrocyclic lactone preventatives to kill Dirofilaria immitis adults.
True
False
At what age should heartworm preventative be started?
8 weeks
6 months
2 weeks
1 year
Why are cats more resistant to Dirofilaria immitis than dogs?
slower maturation
immune-mediated clearance
fewer number of adult worms
shorter lifespan of worms
Cat Dirofilaria immitis infection include..
single sex infection
aberrant migration
asymptomatic
extensive arteritis
Which are related to HARD (heartworm associated respiratory disease) in cats?
mimics asthma
occlusive hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries
resolves as worms mature
treated with melarsomine
What are signs of death of mature worms in heartworm treatment?
acute pulmonary inflammation and thromboembolism
dyspnea
persistent tacypnea
coughing
Antigen tests work for diagnosing Dirofilaria immitis in all species.
True
False
Antigen testing in Dirofilaria immitis infections detects all life stages.
True
False
Cats clear heartworm infections without treatment.
True
False
Surgical removal of Dirofilaria immitis is the best treatment for cats.
True
False
Ferrets are just as resistant to heartworm as cats are.
True
False
How do you prevent heartworm infection in ferrets?
limit exposure to vectors
monthly macrocyclic lactone
melarsomine treatment
none
Dirofilaria immitis in humans is seen in what organ system?
eye
lung
heart
gastrointestinal
Where is Acanthocheilonema reconditum found?
SE
East
Midwest
West
SW
Infection with Acanthocheilonema reconditum means what other infection is occuring?
Dirofilaria immitis
Onchocerca
fleas or lice
Acanthocheilonema reconditum L3 develops in what IH?
flea
mosquito
tick
earthworm
The arrow is pointing to what?
Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria
Dirofilaria immitis adult
Acanthocheilonema reconditum microfilaria
Acanthocheilonema reconditum adult
Where is Setaria spp found?
abdomen/peritoneum
thorax
feces
kidneys
Setaria equina is found in the midwest.
True
False
The IH for Setaria equina is..
mosquito
snail
tick
earthworm
Setaria equina causes which clinical signs?
asymptomatic
diarrhea
peritonitis
colic
Setaria equina needs to be treated ASAP.
True
False
Stephanofilaria stilesi is found where?
cattle W/SW
cattle N/MW
horses W/SW
horses N/MW
Stephanofilaria stilesi microfilaria are found where?
blood
subcutaneous tissue
dermal lymphatics
peritoneum
The IH for Stephanofilaria stilesi is..
mosquito
face fly
biting fly
lice
Clinical signs of Stephanofilaria stilesi include
alopecia
skin thickening
itching
pustules
Treating Stephanofilaria stilesi is done by..
topical macrocyclic lactones
benzimidizoles
nicotinic antagonists
surgery
Onchocerca spp is found where in the host?
nuchal ligament
dermal lymphatics
eye
GI
Onchocerca are always asymptomatic infections.
True
False
Onchocerca micrilarial allergic dermitits sings do not include..
alopecia
hives
puritus including edema and crusts
keratitis and conjunctivitis
