Results from the hues of the spectrum.

Uses a system that requires expensive and energy-consuming equipment to operate electric water heaters and air-conditioners.

As in the case of surfaces, which are painted or decorated by man.

Deals with shape, and when the figure is 3-D, it becomes mass or volume we should proceed to design from the General (massing) and Particular (detailing).

Areas of material which enclose a building and are of secondary importance to the masses which they create.

This refers to the quality of surface treatment, whether the material is rough or smooth.

So called because it employs no sophisticated collector and no expensive technology to harness the sun's energy.

A variety in the use of gradation from black to gray to white and from dark to light.

Natural color on materials like stone, marble, or wood.

The drawing of similarities into the solution of one's design problems with buildings, with forms from nature, from painting, and so on.