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WorksheetsUnit 5 PRACTICE TEST
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm.
ribosomes to proteins to DNA
genes to nuclei to proteins
DNA to RNA to proteins
Transcription is process by which messenger RNA is decoded and a protein is produced.
True
False
Transcription is process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of messenger RNA.
True
False
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the _____ and translation occurs in the ______.
nucleus; nucleus
nucleus; ribosome
cytoplasm; cytoplasm
cytoplasm; nucleus
A codon chart is shown on the right. Which of
the following DNA triplets will code for a different amino acid than the 3’ GCT 5’ DNA triplet?
GCA
TCT
TCC
GTT
A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
happens repeatedly throughout a single cell cycle.
occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes.
proceeds according to careful cellular control.
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram which contains arrows representing different processes occurring in a cell, and on your knowledge of biology. What is the product of process 3?
a strand of DNA
a strand of RNA
two complementary strands of DNA
a chain of amino acids
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code (copy of DNA)?
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
RNA polymerase
Adenine in DNA pairs up with
Thymine in RNA
Uracil in RNA
Cytosine in RNA
Guanine in RNA
A codon is
a sequence of three DNA molecules
a sequence of three RNA molecules
a sequence of three nucleotides
a sequence of three pentose sugar
If the sequence of bases in DNA is CGA AGC TCT, then the sequence in the mRNA molecule resulting from transcription is
GCU UCG AGA
GCA TCG UCA
GAU UCA UGA
UGC UAA AGA
A section of nucleic acid is shown on the diagram. The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?
New DNA
Polypeptide
Messenger RNA
Carbohydrate
If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand is_
UUCGUU
TTCGTT
AAGCAA
UTCGTU
Which of the following features of DNA is most important in determining traits of an organism?
The direction of the helical twist
The number of deoxyribose sugars
The sequence of nitrogenous bases
The strength of the hydrogen bonds
Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as human?
Zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans
Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans.
A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown.
3’ TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5’.
Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?
Arginine – Leucine – Proline – Asparagine – Lysine - Arginine
Tryptophan – Phenylalanine – Leucine – Glycine – Asparagine - Phenylalanine
Tryptophan – Phenylalanine – Leucine – Glycine – Asparagine – Serine
Serine – Leucine – Proline – Asparagine – Lysine – Arginine
Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled below. What is the purpose of this cellular process?
Preserving genetic information for future generations.
Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template.
Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell.
Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence.
The main function of tRNA is to-
carry a message that, translated, forms proteins
form a portion of ribosomes, cells’ protein factories
string together complementary RNA & DNA strands
transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
Many thousands of proteins may have arisen from only a few thousands exons because
an exon may be used by many different genes
there really is no difference between one protein and another
an exon does not actually code for any meaningful information
one gene can code for hundreds of different proteins.
Suppose that you are given a protein containing amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence
AUGGGUCUAUAUACG
ATGGGTCTATATACG
GCAAACTCGCGCGTA
ATAGGGCTTTAAACA
Genes influence traits by directing cells to make specific_
gametes
alleles
chromatids
proteins
Proteins are made up of..
enzymes
amino acids
ATP
catalysts
Within a cell, proteins are made in the
nucleus
golgi apparatus
ribosomes
mitochondria
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
cytosine
thymine
uracil
guanine
What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?
Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly
Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe
Val—Asp—Pro—His
Pro—Glu—Leu—Val
How do mutations affect an organism?
They may cause the development of a more beneficial trait
They may cause the development of a disease-causing trait
They, in some cases, may have no noticeable effect
All of the above
What type of the mutation has no effect on a protein?
Silent
Point
Frameshift
Chromosomal
A mutation that can be inherited by offspring would result from –
ultraviolet radiation damaging to body cells.
exposure to mustard gas which removes guanine from the DNA of embryonic cells.
a base pair change in a gamete’s genetic information during formation.
none of the above
What would be the most likely outcome if structure X was deleted in the diagram below?
There would be no effect on the protein being produced.
A frameshift mutation would occur resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence.
The beginning of the protein would be altered but the end would remain unchanged.
A base pair would be substituted and result in a silent mutation.
A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below. What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence?
Deletion
Insertion
Substitution
Frameshift
The figure below shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand.
AUT
CTA
AUC
ACG
The figure below shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand.
GGT
GGC
CCT
TTA
The illustration shows a strand of mRNA and the complementary tRNA molecules that can base pair with the mRNA codons.
lys-his-tyr
his-tyr-lys
tyr-lys-his
lys-tyr-his
Which phrase best describes translation?
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
catalyzes bonds between amino acids
produces RNA from DNA molecules
recycles tRNA molecules for reuse
A tRNA that carries the amino acid methionine pairs with which type of codon?
serine codon
tRNA
start codon
anticodon
Select the correct association.
rRNA-combine with protein into a mitochondria
mRNA—takes DNA message to the ribosome
mRNA—takes amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA—transfers the message between the nucleus and the ribosome
rRNA—brings Amino Acids to the ribosome
How many amino acids are used to make up the all of the proteins in the human body?
16
20
23
46
What is the term for the sections of messenger RNA that are spliced together during processing?
operators
promoters
exons
introns
Where is messenger RNA “edited” into its final form?
in the cytoplasm
in the ribosomes
in the nucleus
in the anticodon
The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changes in the environment despite changes to food sources, climate, or threats from predators. Which statement correctly describes a way that mutations increase the likelihood that a species will survive in a changing environment?
Mutations are a source of variation in the species.
Mutations are not harmful when they occur in somatic cells of the species.
Mutations are the cause of disease in the species.
Mutations are always passed on to subsequent generations of the species.
When a strand-slippage error occurs, an insertion mutation can result. How does the insertion mutation affect the DNA?
Nitrogenous bases are added.
Nitrogenous bases are exchanged.
Nitrogenous bases are damaged.
Nitrogenous bases are deleted
