“There is a violent spirit of opposition. . . against the execution of the Stamp Act, the mob in Boston have carried it very high against Mr. Oliver the Secry (a Town born child) for his acceptance of an office in consequence of that act. They have even proceeded to some violence, and burnt him in Effigy &c. They threaten to pull down & burn the Stamp Office now building, and that they will hold every man as Infamous that shall presume to carry the Stamp Act into Execution; so that it is thought Mr. Oliver will resign.”

-Archibald Hinshelwood in a letter to Joshua Mauger describing colonial reactions to Andrew Oliver, a royal stamp tax collector, 1765

Which of the following describes the immediate response of the British government to the events described in the excerpt?

“Who, amongst us, will not renounce. . . those vain ornaments. . . when she shall consider that the valiant defenders of America will be able to draw some advantage from the money which she may have laid out in these; that they will be better defended from the rigours of the seasons. . . . The time is arrived to display the same sentiments which animated us at the beginning of the Revolution, when we renounced the use of teas. . . rather than receive them from our persecutors. . . .”

Esther DeBerdt Reed, “Sentiments of an American Woman,” 1780

Which of the following arguments could best be supported by the excerpt above?

Which of the following is considered a major contribution of women during the American Revolution?

"Could it be made a decree in nature, or an edict registered in heaven, and man could know it, that virtue and wisdom should invariably appertain to hereditary succession, the objection to it would be removed; but when we see that nature acts as if she disowned and sported with the hereditary system; that the mental characters of successors in all countries, are below the average of human understanding; that one is a tyrant, another an idiot, a third insane, and some all three together, it is impossible to attach confidence to it, when reason in man has power to act.”

-Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, 1791

Which of the following statements best summarizes Paine’s argument?

“My country men, I know from their form of government and steady attachment heretofore to royalty, will come reluctantly into the idea of independency, but time and persecution brings many wonderful things to pass, and by private letters which I have lately received from Virginia, I find Common Sense is working a powerful change there in the minds of many men.”

-Source: George Washington, in a letter to Joseph Reed, 1776

Washington’s remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the late eighteenth century?

“If the principles on which the present civil war is carried on by the American colonies, against the British arms, were universally adopted and practiced upon by mankind, they would turn a vale of tears, into a paradise of God: whereas opposite principles, and a conduct founded upon them, has filled the world with blood and slaughter, with rapine and violence, with cruelty and injustices, with wretchedness, poverty, horror, desolation, and despair: We cannot therefore doubt, that the cause of liberty, united with that of truth & righteousness, is the cause of God.”

-Source: Abraham Keteltas, God Arising and Pleading His People’s Cause, 1777

A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.”

-Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776

A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

“If the principles on which the present civil war is carried on by the American colonies, against the British arms, were universally adopted and practiced upon by mankind, they would turn a vale of tears, into a paradise of God: whereas opposite principles, and a conduct founded upon them, has filled the world with blood and slaughter, with rapine and violence, with cruelty and injustices, with wretchedness, poverty, horror, desolation, and despair: We cannot therefore doubt, that the cause of liberty, united with that of truth & righteousness, is the cause of God.”

-Source: Abraham Keteltas, God Arising and Pleading His People’s Cause, 1777

The ideas about liberty expressed by the author are most consistent with which of the following?

“To the evil of monarchy we have added that of hereditary succession; and as the first is a degradation and lessening of ourselves, so the second, claimed as a matter of right, is an insult and imposition on posterity. For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and tho' himself might deserve some decent degree of honours of his contemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them.”

Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

The excerpt above contributed most directly to which of the following developments?

"Could it be made a decree in nature, or an edict registered in heaven, and man could know it, that virtue and wisdom should invariably appertain to hereditary succession, the objection to it would be removed; but when we see that nature acts as if she disowned and sported with the hereditary system; that the mental characters of successors in all countries, are below the average of human understanding; that one is a tyrant, another an idiot, a third insane, and some all three together, it is impossible to attach confidence to it, when reason in man has power to act.”

-Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, 1791

Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1791 with the ideas that the author expressed in the excerpt?

“To the evil of monarchy we have added that of hereditary succession; and as the first is a degradation and lessening of ourselves, so the second, claimed as a matter of right, is an insult and imposition on posterity. For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and tho' himself might deserve some decent degree of honours of his contemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them.”

Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

Which of the following developments best represents a logical extension of the ideas expressed in the excerpt?