By the early 1600s, communities of European immigrants settled the Eastern coast of North America, including the ________________ in Florida, the _______________ in New England and Virginia, the _________________ in New York, and the Swedes in Delaware.

About 600,000 slaves were transported to the American colonies, or 5% of the ______ million slaves taken from Africa.

Between 1820 and 1860, which two European groups made up the majority if immigrants coming to the U.S.?

European immigrants arrived sick or dying from their long journey across the Atlantic in cramped conditions, and swarmed the port cities of New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Charleston. In response, the United States passed the ______________________ of 1819 requiring better conditions on ships arriving to the country.

Following the Civil War, some states passed their own immigration laws. In 1875 the __________________ declared that it’s the responsibility of the federal government to make and enforce immigration laws.

Beginning in the 1850s, a steady flow of Chinese workers had immigrated to America. They worked in gold mines, garment factories, built railroads, and took agricultural jobs. Anti-Chinese discrimination grew as Chinese laborers became successful in America. To prevent more Chinese immigrants from coming to the U.S., Congress passed:

In 1892, the first U.S. immigration station opened in New York Harbor's _____________________, processing more than 12 million immigrants between 1892 and 1954.

Because of prejudices in California that an increase of _____________ workers would cost white workers farming jobs and depress wages, the United States and ____________ signed the Gentlemen’s Agreement.

The Immigration Act of 1917 established a literacy requirement for immigrants entering the country (preventing uneducated immigrants from getting in) and stopped immigration from most Asian countries (except the Philippines). This was a direct result of:

The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed into the U.S. through nationality ______________, favoring immigrants from Northern and Western Europe, and completely excluded immigrants from Asia, except the Philippines, then an American colony.

The U.S. Border Patrol was established in 1924 to crack down on illegal immigrants crossing the Mexican and Canadian borders into the United States. Many of these early border crossers were ___________________ immigrants, who had been barred from entering legally.

Labor shortages during World War II led the U.S. and Mexico to form the ________________________, which allowed Mexican agricultural workers to enter the United States temporarily. The program ended 1964.

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ended the national origin quotas from the 1920s which favored some racial and ethnic groups over others. Immigration from war-torn regions of __________, would more than quadruple within 5 years of it passing.

In 1986, President Ronald Reagan granted _______________ to more than 3 million immigrants living illegally in the United States.

In 2012, President Barack Obama signed DACA which:

In 2017, President Donald Trump banned travel and immigration from all of the following countries except:

Native Americans were not given U.S. citizenship until ________________ and some states barred Native Americans from voting until 1957.