Ms. M says to the students, “Let’s get started working on this together. It’s a difficult concept, but I’m confident that with some practice, you will all be able to solve these problems.

When students enter the classroom, they begin work on a brief assignment that is written on the board while Ms. L takes attendance.

The students ask whether they can shift the furniture to better suit the differing needs of small-group work and large-group discussion.

Mr. A uses a familiar timing device, (3-2-1 bell signal) to alert students to return to their desks.

The students in Mrs. M's class listen passively during a lesson, but they tend to pass notes when other students are talking.

Mr. C moves to every section of the classroom, keeping a close eye on student behavior.

Ms. D says: "This idea is really important! It's central to our understanding of history."

The activity could not begin for 15minutes because there were long lines of students waiting for their supplies.

The students clap and cheer enthusiastically after one another's presentation.

Mr. E tells students that they’re doing a lesson because it’s mandated by the district.

Mrs. F has established guidelines concerning where backpacks are left during class to keep the pathways clear and the students comply.

To one student, Mr. G says: “Where’s your late pass? Go to the office.” To another: “You don’t have a late pass? Okay, come in and take your seat.”

Ms. H has to remind some students that it is their turn to collect materials for the activity.

Mr. J greets students by name as they enter the class.