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military campaigns taken by European Christians of the eleventh through the fourteenth centuries to take over the Holy Land and convert Muslims and other non-Christians to Christianity

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Basic concept refers to the political and social order of medieval Europe; based on a hierarchy of lords and vassals who controlled political and military affairs.

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Grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service.

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A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be the "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture.

The owner of a serf's house was usually the

A manor estate included

The three main orders of medieval society included all of the following EXCEPT:

The First Crusade was launched with the stated goal of

The most important economic asset for medieval nobles was

The Black Death is thought to have originated in

Results of the plague included all of the following EXCEPT

The art and literature of the Italian Renaissance were most strongly influenced by