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WorksheetsNatural Hazard processes
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 21mins
Which kind of seismic waves are responsible for earthquake damages?
P-Waves
S-Waves
T-Waves
Love Waves
Rayleigh Waves
What kind of secondary hazards at earthquake events can occur?
Storm surges
Tornadoes
Tsunamis
Landslides
Liquifaction
How can some of the impacts of earthquakes be reduced?
by building structures that can sway with the motion
by building structures that do NOT move with the motion
by using thermometers to measure ground temperatures
by using satellites to monitor warning buoys in the ocean
How much more energy is released by a M7 earthquake compared to an M5 earthquake?
1000 times
200 times
100 times
50 times
Which of these environmental conditions are required for the formation of tropical storms like hurricanes?
warm ocean water > 26°C
stable atmospheric conditions
close distance to equator < 100 km
pre-existing near surface disturbance
high vertical wind shear
Tornado intensity is measured using the...
(a)
Which of these statements are true?
If normal stress > shear stress than the slope is stable.
If friction is > normal stress than the slope is instable.
At steeps slopes shear forces are > normal forces.
A factor of safety > 1 means the slope is unstable.
Water is always a factor contributing to instability.
Which processes can trigger ice avalanches?
Earthquakes
Thunderstorms
Tsunamis
Heat waves
Skiers
Why do ice avalanches can be a thread to settlements at kilometer distance to the glacier?
Because of their enormous volume.
Ice avalanches generate a high energy pressure wave.
Ice avalanches can travel into neighbouring valleys.
Ice avalanches may trigger lake outburst floods.
In what way is a drought different from other hazards types?
It can very well be predicted.
There are no secondary hazards.
It impacts only on well defined areas.
There are no damages to infrastructure or houses.
What kind of effects to flood retention basins have on river flood events?
Reduce the peak flow level.
Divert flood peak downstream.
Avoid floods downstream.
Extent period of high flows
Store wate in riverbed.
Which of these factors increase the magnitude of floods.
High intensity rainfall.
Large catchments
Heavy snow fall
Catchments containing large forest areas.
Long elongated catchments.
Why are tsunamis dangerous?
They cannot be detected.
They increase in height near the shore.
They cause earthquakes on land.
They are very tall in the deep ocean.
Why do landslides almost exclusively occur only in mountain areas?
Distinct weather patterns
Frequent earthquakes
Steep slopes
Lithology
Heavy vegetation
What do the zoning of flood hazard maps in Austria represent?
Areas where settlement is prohibeted
Zones under special protection
Areas flooded in a 30 year / 100 year event.
Evacuation zones in case of flood events.
In what way is hazard management of earthquakes different from other hazard types?
There are no technical mitigation measures.
The events cannot be predicted.
Earthquakes may effect very large areas.
People cannot prepare for earthquake events and are thus helpless.
Which of these situations belong to the so called "Avalanche Problems"?
Heavy snow fall
Too many skiers in one slope
Strong winds
Permafrost thaw
Extreme cold
