WorksheetsAvaliação 4 Bimestre
Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 3hrs 30mins
Can plants hear?
Flora may be able to detect the sounds of flowing water or munching insects
Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects.
In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had dry soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. “They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe,” Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter. She hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer.
The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret sounds. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations – the plant produced more chemical toxins after “hearing” a recording of feeding insects. “We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors,” says lead study author Heidi M. Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo.
O trecho do terceiro parágrafo “But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibrations detectors” indica que as folhas:
crescem de acordo com os sons detectados.
são capazes de detectar vibrações sonoras.
são capazes de vibrar conforme a necessidade.
podem ser impedidas de detectar vibrações sonoras.
são capazes de se transformar conforme a vibração.
Sleep Habits: More Important Than You Think - Chronic Sleep Deprivation May Harm Health
Not sleeping enough and not sleeping well is not OK. As a matter of fact, there is quite a price to pay. It may surprise you to learn that chronic sleep deprivation, for whatever reason, significantly affects your health, performance, safety, and pocketbook.
There are many causes of sleep deprivation. The stresses of daily life may intrude upon our ability to sleep well, or perhaps we trade sleep for more work or play. We may have medical or mental-health conditions that disrupt our sleep, and be well aware that we are sleep-deprived.
However, it is critically important to realize that sleep deprivation is very often due to unrecognized sleep disorders. After a typical night's sleep, you may not feel restored and refreshed and be sleepy during the day, but be totally unaware that you are sleep-deprived or have a sleep disorder. You might think, "It's just the stress of work or the kids," or you might have "always felt this way" and had no idea that you should feel differently. This lack of awareness compounds the consequences, because so many people remain undiagnosed for years. [...]
Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a cause of sleep deprivation?
Medical problems.
Stress.
Trading sleep hours for more work
Sleep disorders.
Consuming caffeine before going to bed.
Many of us have had the experience of disagreeing with friends or family about which celebrity is more attractive. Now, researchers reporting in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on October 1 show in a study of twins that those differences of opinion are mostly the result of personal experiences that are unique to each individual. In other words, even identical twins don't agree.
Escolha a alternativa correta.
O texto é um resumo da revista “Current Biology”.
O resumo mostra que o texto aborda preferências de gêmeos.
O texto aponta que preferências dependem de experiências pessoais.
O texto aponta que preferências independem de experiências pessoais.
If apes go extinct, so could entire forests
Bonobos eat a lot of fruit, and fruit contains seeds. Those seeds travel through a bonobo’s digestive system while bonobo itself travels around the forest. A few hours later, the seeds end up being deposited far from where the fruits were plucked. And that is where the new trees come from.
According to a paper recently published, if the bonobos disappeared, the plants would also likely go extinct, for many trees and plants species in Congo rely almost exclusively on bonobos for seed dispersal.
The bonobo has two major functions here. First of all, many seeds will not germinate well unless they have been “handled” by another species. Stomach acids and intestinal processes make the seed more able to absorb water and later sprout.
Secondly, many seeds will not succeed if they remain too close to their parental trees. The seeds that fell to the ground near their parents did not survive because they were choked off by the nearby plants. The bonobos eat about 3,5 hours every day and travel a mean of 1.2 kilometers from meal sites before defecating.
Qual é a explicação para o título?
Os bonobos se alimentam de plantas e suas fezes ajudam a adubar florestas. Como andam grandes distâncias, espalham esse adubo pela floresta.
Os bonobos vivem em árvores e suas fezes, que contêm fungicidas naturais, protegem as árvores dos fungos. Como andam grandes distâncias, podem proteger florestas inteiras.
Os bonobos se alimentam de frutas com sementes. Seu sistema digestivo prepara as sementes para a germinação. Como andam grandes distâncias, suas fezes ajudam a espalhar as sementes pela floresta.
Os bonobos vivem em árvores e se alimentam de folhas, que se transformam em fungicidas naturais aos serem digeridas. Quando liberados pelas fezes, esses fungicidas protegem as florestas.
Mark the correct option to complete the paragraph below.
The doctor Peggy if she the blood pressure pill. Peggy to the doctor that she taking it several weeks before. The doctor Peggy taking the medicine again.
said / had taken / told / stopped / said / start
asked / was taking / said / stopped / told / start
told / had taken / said / had stopped / said / start
asked / was taking / admitted / had stopped / told / to start
told / took / admitted / would have stopped / asked / to start
Read the following quote and choose the alternative with the correct forms of the verbs to complete the gaps.
“Creativity involves ________ out of established patterns in order ________ at things in a different way.”
to break, to look.
breaking, to looking.
breaking, to look.
to break, to looking.
Which option completes the paragraph below correctly?
Millennium development goals: an overview
The millennium development goals (MDGs) eight key areas - poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership. Each goal by 21 specific targets and more than 60 indicators. The UN the MDGs 'the most successful anti-poverty movement in history”, but what progress on each of the goals?
have been targeted/supports/has been called/has made
have targeted/support/has called/has been made
have targeted/is supported/has called/has been made
have been targeted/supported/has been called/has been made
have targeted/are supportedihas been called/has made
What do the highlighted words in the text refer to? Choose the CORRECT option.
Evolution “Began” In Brazil
The theories on evolution and natural selection began with Charles Darwin, who made public his groundbreaking ideas in a book entitled On the Origin of Species, which was first published in 1859. Darwin found the inspiration for his ideas while on a research trip aboard the ship the H.M.S. Beagle. Darwin’s primary destination was the Galapagos Islands, and it was during his five-year voyage from his home in England that he developed his theory of natural selection.
What many people don’t know about Darwin is that his epic voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle, before arriving at the Galapagos Islands, he first arrived in South America in Bahia, Brazil in 1832. Additionally, Darwin wasn’t the only important European scientist to come to Brazil to study nature. Two of Darwin’s fellow Englishmen, Alfred Russel Wallace and Henry Walter Bates, they arrived at Pará in 1848. Wallace roamed the Amazon for four years, and the remarkable Bates explored the Amazon region for eleven years.
Darwin – book – Darwin – Russel and Henry.
Public – book – Galapagos – Darwin.
Ideas – inspiration – Bates – Amazon.
Book – Amazon – Russel – Henry and Amazon.
Bates – Darwin – Russel – Russel and Henry.
O texto abaixo mostra que:
“Once upon a time, the British travelled the globe taking their language and culture to Africa, Australia and the Americas. Now, the process is in reverse – immigrants from the ex-colonies have come to London, and they have brought their culture and way of speaking with them”.
os Britânicos continuam levando sua cultura pelo mundo.
África, Austrália e Américas estão em recessão.
África, Austrália e Américas estão levando sua cultura para Londres.
os Britânicos divulgam sua língua pela África, Austrália e Américas.
os imigrantes são das ex-colônias.
THE REAL TAMBOURINE MAN
Tagore, not Dylan: The first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize for literature was actually Indian
There’s been a great deal of excitement over Bob Dylan winning the 2016 Nobel Prize for literature.
It’s rare for artists who have achieved widespread, mainstream popularity to win the coveted prize. And although Nobels often go to Americans, the last literature prize to go to one was Toni Morrison in 1993. Furthermore, according to The New York Times, “It is the first time the honor has gone to a musician.”
But as Bob Dylan might sing, “The Times, they are mistaken.”
A Bengali literary giant, who probably wrote more songs than him, preceded Dylan’s win by over a century. Rabindranath Tagore, a wildly talented Indian poet, painter, and musician, took the prize in 1913.
The first musician (and first non-European) to win the Nobel Prize for literature, Tagore possessed an artistry—and lasting influence—that mirrored Dylan’s.
In the text, the words “lyricist”, “musician”, “artists”, “poet” and “painter” can all be grouped under the category of:
professions.
chores.
entertainment.
enterprise.
