WorksheetsSB6
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 4hrs 45mins
Scientists discovered fossils in several layers of the Earth you see here. They found fossils of algae, snails, and clams in layer D. Given that information, where do you think they found fossil evidence of simple land plants and amphibians?
A
E
F
G
According to the fossil record found across this area of the coastal United States, what conclusion can we make about area A?
Vertebrates never lived in area A.
Area A was completely underwater in the past.
Life forms appeared in area C before areas A and B.
Area A was once a land mass that eventually became submerged.
Once cells with nuclei developed, organisms were able to become more complex, which allowed them to adapt to the conditions in more habitats. By which process do organisms adapt and evolve?
mitosis
behavior
natural selection
transformation
Consider the graphic of the divergence of one founder species into many additional bird species. This speciation resulted in
biodiversity due to anatomy and available food resources.
convergent evolution that resulted in a variety of lineages.
the survival of mutated individuals within the original population.
extinction of individuals in the population who died due to starvation.
The mbuna cichlids of Lake Malawi are a model for adaptive radiation. Currently, there are over 400 species, all derived from one common ancestral species. The graph shows the current count of species scientists have discovered in the lake. This diversification most likely took place because
different fish species evolved to take advantage of different foods.
mutation happened at a very high rate in the lake ecosystem.
water temperatures varied with location.
different fish groups were isolated by barriers within the lake from other groups.
New species develop when
diverging species no longer recognize one another as potential mates.
diverging species mate exclusively with one another
diverging species mate with multiple members of the other species.
diverging species recognize many potential mates among both species.
The genetic information in human and chimpanzee DNA shows a high degree of similarity, as humans share about 96-99% of their DNA code with chimpanzees. What is an explanation for this similarity?
They evolved from a common ancestor.
They evolved from each other.
They evolved at the same time.
Their evolution is nearly complete.
The bone structure of the baleen whale and the hummingbird pictured above suggests that they share
the same diet
a common ancestor
a similar environment
similar mating rituals
Many species have embryos that look similar to one another and develop similar structures. Refer to the picture above. During the first stage of embryonic development for each species, what type of evolution could you conclude about the relatedness of the organisms?
Divergent evolution because all of the species have similar structures during the first stage of development.
Convergent evolution because all of the species have similar structures during the first stage of development.
Divergent evolution because the species are fundamentally different even at the first stage of embryonic development.
Convergent evolution because the species are fundamentally different even at the first stage of embryonic development.
In northern Canada, a population of rabbits was predominantly white in color. The allele for white color is recessive (g), while the allele for gray color is dominant (G). Over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of this area has increased, and the long-term deposits of ice and snow have become scarce. We see the result of this change in the graph above. How would Hardy-Weinberg explain this change in terms of allelic frequency?
No population can maintain equilibrium indefinitely.
Random mating occurred among the rabbits and the allelic frequency was altered.
Genetic variation existed. Natural selection occurred. Allelic frequencies changed.
In a large population, mating is random, without mutations and the allelic frequency changes over time.
In northern Canada, a population of rabbits was predominantly white in color. The allele for white color is recessive (g), while the allele for gray color is dominant (G). Over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of this area has increased, and the long-term deposits of ice and snow have become scarce. We see the result of this change in the graph above.
How can we explain this change in terms of allelic frequency?
Gray alleles are dominant over white.
Changes in the environment caused harmful mutations that were passed to offspring.
In order to survive, rabbits changed from white to gray and they passed the gray allele to offspring.
Gray rabbits were more likely to survive in the changed habitat. The gray alleles were passed to offspring.
The bottleneck effect is used to describe an event where a population decreases. One example involves the northern elephant seal. They have a reduced genetic variation due to a population bottleneck humans inflicted on them in the 1890s. Hunting reduced their population size to as few as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Their population has since rebounded to over 30,000, but they have much less genetic variation than a population of southern elephant seals that was not so intensely hunted. Which phrase best explains this change in gene frequency?
gene flow
speciation
genetic drift
allele frequency
Which situation is a good illustration of a biologically resistant species?
A mule, despite being the product of two different species (a horse and a donkey).
A staph bacteria in a hospital that is not killed by penicillin or several other antibiotics.
An alligator. Alligators still survive, despite being dated by fossils to the time of dinosaurs.
A species of African cichlid fish, which is thought to have rapidly evolved, along with 500 other similar species.
Many gardeners use a chemical weed-killer to control plant pests in their gardens. However, many weeds have begun to develop a resistance to these chemical poisons.
This is an example of _________________ in action.
chemical selection
natural selection
polynuclueization
hybridization
The dots represent a bacterial infection. Sal was very sick with this bacterial infection. The infection was treated with antibiotics. Sal seemed to get well, but in a few weeks, she was sick again. How can this be explained using natural selection?
The antibiotics were ineffective to this strain of bacteria.
The stronger, more resistant bacteria survived the antibiotics and reproduced.
The antibiotics did not kill the bacteria; it only forced them to be dormant.
Antibiotics will only kill a portion of the bacteria, no matter how much medicine Sal takes.
