He believed people should use reason to discover basic truths.

A medieval philosophical and theological system that said faith & reason work together.

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through hell and purgatory and paradise

wrote the Canterbury Tales; tells of English pilgrims on a pilgrimage to visit Thomas a Becket's tomb.

Which of these describe Romanesque architecture?

Which of these describe Gothic architecture?

The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.

What is the medical name for the Black Death?

What carried the Bubonic Plague?

Where did Pope Clement move the papal court to? called "Babylonian Captivity of the Church"

England (UK)

Poland

War between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence over Normandy, France.

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king

Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.

Founder of Islam

City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.

The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca

The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, marking the founding of Islam

first caliph after death of Muhammad

Ruled much of the same land as the Umayyads except they were never able to control Spain but they moved the capital to Baghdad

Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian; known as the city of peace, gift of god, paradise on earth

first tsar of Russia, known for cruelty and being constantly at war; killed his son in a fit of rage; killed people who worked close to him because he thought they were trying take the throne; created the oprichniki

It changed the way people saw themselves & their world. It was a very creative time. They felt it was a time of rebirth after the darkness of the Middle Ages. There were new attitudes about culture & learning.

They studied classical works of Greek & Roman cultures. All about the individual & what they could achieve. They wanted to use wisdom of the ancients to increase their understanding of their times. They focused on worldly, or secular, subjects rather than on religious issues. Humanists believed that education should stimulate the individual's creative powers. They studied humanities - grammar, rhetoric, poetry, & history.

Early Renaissance humanist He hunted down & assembled a library of Greek & Roman manuscripts. He also wrote poetry. His Sonnets for Laura are love poems inspired by a woman he knew only from far away. He wrote in the vernacular.

Probably the best example of a Renaissance man. He did a variety of things - dissecting corpses, sketching things in nature, painting, sculpting, airplane, submarines... His most famous painting is the Mona Lisa. He also painted The Last Supper.

He was a genius. He worked for the Medicis as a young man. Sculpted the Pieta, the David, the Sistine Chapel, drew the dome for St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome.

His paintings blend Christian & classical themes.

One of his best known works is "School of Athens" which is known for its symmetry. It is a painting of an imaginary meeting of the great thinkers of the time.

He wrote a handbook on how the courtier was supposed to act. The Book of the Courtier

It included manners, skills, learning, & virtues.

The ideal man was athletic, but not overactive. Knows about a lot of things, but not arrogant.

The ideal woman was a complement to the man. She is graceful & kind; lively, but reserved.

He gave a guide to rulers on how to gain & maintain power. It combined his personal experience of politics with his knowledge of the past. It was called The Prince.

He produced a new Greek edition of the Bible & asked for a translation into the vernacular.

He called for reforms in the Church. He challenged its worldliness. He wrote In Praise of Folly which used humor to explore the ignorance of people.

He wrote Utopia, which describes a society where men & women live in peace & harmony. Private property does not exist. No one is idle, all are educated, & justice is used to end crime.

He was executed for treason & made a saint.

He is the best English poet & playwright.

He wrote 37 plays that are still performed and studied. They were universal themes in everyday realistic settings.

Which of these works did Shakespeare write?

Which of these words did Shakespeare create?

He printed a complete edition of the Christian Bible using a printing press with movable metal type. Within a few years, printing presses like his spread all over Europe. This transformed Europe because books were more readily available.

German religious reformer. He began Protestantism. He felt indulgences were wrong. He nailed the 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church.

He was from Switzerland. He published "Institutes of the Christian Religion", which was widely read. He believed that salvation was found by faith alone. He also said the Bible was the only source of religious truth. He also said that God was all-powerful & that humans by nature were sinful. God decided whether whether an individual would go to heaven or not.He said the world was divided into two parts - saints & sinners. In Geneva, Switzerland, he set up a theocracy, or a government run by church leaders.

She adopted a policy of religious compromise. She gradually enforced reforms that both moderate Catholics & Protestants could accept. This became known as the Elizabethan Settlement. English became the language of the services instead of Latin. The Book of Common Prayer was restored. She made sure that the monarch was in charge, not the pope. She firmly established England as a Protestant nation. She was called "Good Queen Bess" by her people.

He published "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres." He proposed the heliocentric theory saying the sun was the center of the universe. Most experts rejected this theory for year. However, a man name Tycho Brahe, provided evidence that he was right.

He described the circulation of blood for the first time. He showed the heart serves as a pump to force blood through veins & arteries.

Which of these were considered new technologies for the Age of Exploration?

He made a school in Portugal; they were mapmakers, trained captains & crew.

He sent them out to the west African coast, & they mapped accurately how it looked.

In 1488, he rounded the tip of south Africa. He just rounded the tip and went back to Portugal.

Russia

Ukraine

Portugal

The line the divided the world in half for Spain & Portugal to explore. Spain got any lands to the west of the line; Portugal got any lands to the east of the line.

He was the first to circumnavigate the globe. Actually, he didn't make it, but some of the crew did. He was murdered in the Philippines.

He was Portuguese. He took land along the Indian Ocean. He capture the island of Goa off the coast of India; it became their major military & commercial base. He also took the port of Malacca & killed the city's Muslim inhabitants.

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations; countries such as Korea, Japan, & China wanted to be left alone & not trade with Westerners

He explored the coastline of eastern Canada. He discovered the St. Lawrence River and claimed this land in Canada for France.

He was a Venetian explorer that sailed for the British. He claimed the area of Newfoundland for them.

A rise in prices that is linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available. It was caused by the enormous amount of gold & silver flowing into Europe from the Americas. When prices began to rise, output also increased.

This is when a king had complete control of his territory. No one questioned him; he got his way.

When a king claimed God was telling him how to rule.

Absolutist king of France that had the palace of Versailles built. He used all France's money and put France in huge debt. He entered wars to increase France's prestige. He was known as the sun king.

a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles; it was once a hunting lodge; huge gardens; many fountains; gold everywhere

Murder of 3,000 French Huguenots in Paris by Catholics at wedding of Henry of Navarre; the pope celebrated this activity

It was a series of wars in Europe. It began in Bohemia. Ferdinand, the Catholic Hapsburg king wanted to assert his power. He decided to suppress the Protestants. A few rebellious Protestants threw 2 royal officials out the window. This sparked a revolt which Ferdinand tried to suppress. It didn't work & the war was started. It was a horrible war & ⅓ of the German population was killed.

Austrian rulers of the Holy Roman empire; Germany; they had more than 360 separate states scattered all over.

German states in the north; Hohenzollern rulers set up an efficient bureaucracy & had one of the best trained armies in Europe.

He helped Russia become a modern power. He brought a group of technical experts, teachers, & soldiers from Europe. He set out to westernize Russia. He even had the boyars (landholding nobles) shave their beards & wear western clothes. He brought the Russian Orthodox church under his control. Serfdom spread in Russia even though it was dying out in most other parts of the world. He simplified the Russian alphabet. He set up academics in math, science, & engineering.

She had her husband murdered. She reorganized the provincial government, codified laws, & began state funded education for boys & girls. She encouraged French customs, plays, & writings. Conditions grew worse for the serfs.

Which countries was Poland partitioned off to?

Cavaliers with Charles I were on one side, & on the other side was Parliament with Oliver Cromwell. They were known as the Roundheads. The Roundheads won & Charles I was beheaded.

Austria