Study of the origins and development of humans and their societies

Probably the most important contribution of Greek literature. There are 2 types - tragedy and comedy

He favored rule by a single strong & virtuous leader. He said people should live by the "Golden Mean" - living by a moderate course of means.

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.

Discovered evidence at Olduvai Gorge that early hominids learned to use tools

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

Nebuchadnezzar brought Babylon back to life.

He had canals, temples, walls, & palaces rebuilt.

They conquered the Babylonian Empire among others. They were generally kind to the people they conquered.

Corruption & rebellions were common; organized a large drainage project creating new land to farm on.

The Hyksos came in & dominated part of Egypt. Which Egyptian kingdom is this?

Becoming liberated for the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding

He is most honored Maurya emperor. Asoka fought a long, bloody war to conquer the Deccan Plateau.

After the war he was horrified at what he had done. He converted to Buddhism, rejected violence, & decided to lead by example.

Which of these are Chinese accomplishments?

They migrated to the Valley of Mexico. The city was well-planned with wide roads, massive temples, & apartment buildings. They worshipped many gods.

Capital of the Aztec Empire. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

a tall, flat stone, often carved with writing, used to mark an important historical event of the Mayan people

the title of the Inca emperor

What 3 continents was the Minoan civilization in the crossroads of?

An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete

They were sea traders. They lived on the mainland of Greece in separate city-states. In each a warrior-king built a thick-walled fortress, & he ruled from it. They fought Troy. Wooden horse?

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.

A government ruled by a king or queen; one ruler

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

Ancient Greek state that believed in war and physical activity.

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

Greek philosopher; used what is today called the socratic method - asking questions to formulate what one really thinks; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth

The battle that effectively ended the Persian war. The Greek fleet, although vastly outnumbered, defeated the Persian fleet by ramming, burning, & sinking their ships. This helped end the Persian war, freeing Greece.

Greek god of war

They lived in New York around the Hudson River.

They banded together & acted as mentors to their people. They stopped invaders, intertribal warfare, cannibalism, & to treat each other fairly.

They lived in the Southeast & Mississippi River valley. They built clusters of earth mounds, even larger towns, & ceremonial centers.

Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico

Puebloans lived in this region

South American civilization famous for its massive aerial-viewable formations known as geoglyphs.

They lived in Peru. The farmers developed methods of fertilizing the soil & used canals to irrigate the land. Their leaders build roads. They organized networks of relay runners to carry messages. Artisans perfected skills in textile production, goldworking & wood carving.

Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.

Civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, but never unified into a single empire. They had powerful independent city-states. The city-states traded amongst themselves.

Artificial islands made of mud piled atop reed mats that were anchored to the shallow lake-bed with willow trees.

ball game in which losers are executed or sacrificed; the hoop is sideways on a wall; the ball can't touch the ground

The first Central American civilization. These people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. Huge heads made out of stone that were portraits of their chiefs.

A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.

Kong Fuzi or Master Kong was the founder. He taught that harmony resulted when people accepted their role in life. He believed in 5 key relationships.

The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.

The state of enlightenment for Buddhists.

What are the Four Noble Truths?

Founder of Buddhism

lowest class of people in the caste system of Hinduism, do all the dirty work of society; dug graves, cleaned streets, & turned animal hides into leather.

The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life.

the religious and moral duties of an individual; truthfulness, living in moderation, kindness, peaceful, generous

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms. No spiritual book or founder.

Aryan god of war; chief deity; thunderbolt was his weapon

They were nomads from Europe & Asia; warriors that fought in chariots with bows & arrows. They loved food, drink, music, chariot races, & dice games.

God of mummification of Egypt

Egyptian queen, she worked to increase trade with places outside of Egypt and ordered many impressive monuments and temples built during her reign.

David's son; built the temple in Jerusalem; known for his wisdom

Second king of Israel; mighty warrior; the Israelites loved him; own as a man after God's own heart; defeated Goliath

God renewed his covenant with him (burning bush). He was given the 10 Commandments. Led the Israelites through the wilderness.

They were sailors & traders. They made glass from coastal sand. They produced purple dye from a tiny sea snail. They used papyrus.

They conquered the Babylonian Empire among others. They were generally kind to the people they conquered.

Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia

A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.

The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia

Which of these define a civilization?

the group to which modern humans belong; neanderthals are thought to be the earliest modern humans