For definitive diagnosis of malaria, the gold standard is:

Diagnostic used to detect presence and quantify the severity of parasitemia

Diagnostic used to identify the quality of species present

• Can be finished with 15-30 minutes, without the use of electricity, special equipment or any training in microscopy, >90% specificity

• Finger-prick blood sample

• Used by Global Fund Project

• Uses parachip to detect P. falciparum

Principles of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Devices (MRDDs)

Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) or Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Devices (MRDDs) detects ________ which causes cytoadherence of P. falciparum only, therefore it will give negative results in non-Falciparum species

It is a water soluble protein produced by trophozoites and young gametocytes of P. falciparum

Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) or Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Devices (MRDDs) detects ________ which produced by

both sexual and asexual stages and can distinguish between P. falciparum and non-P. falciparum

Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) or Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Devices (MRDDs) detects ________ which is an enzyme in the parasite glycolytic pathway expressed by the blood stages of all Plasmodium species

___________ together with HRP II, used in combined immunochromatographic test targeting the panmalarial antigen (PMA)

Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) or Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Devices (MRDDs) kits contains __________ for RBC to release HRP/LDH and to make blood diffuse to reactive site where antibodies are found

Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) or Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Devices (MRDDs) kits also contains ___________ to show positive band in the reactive site

• Same set-up as complete blood count (CBC)

• 1 mL blood in capillary tube or capillete is placed in a horizontal centrifuge

• There is formation of 3 layers

3 layers formed in quantitative buffy coat consist of

Parasitized RBCs that are stained with Acridine orange stain and viewed under a fluorescence microscope

Parasites appear bright green and yellow

It enhances microscopic diagnosis especially in cases of low

parasitemia and in mixed infections

• Still not capable of making definitive diagnosis of acute malaria

• Use of antigen-antibody screening

• Most helpful in epidemiologic study, because it cannot differentiate between current and past infection

Examples of serologic methods

for malaria

The use of thick peripheral blood smear is for the computation of the degree of parasitemia to monitor patient’s response to medication