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WorksheetsMalaria - Clinical Manifestations
Total questions: 23
Worksheet time: 14mins
Time interval from sporozoite injection to detection of parasite in the blood
(a)
Pre-patent period: 11-14 days (shortest)
Duration of symptoms: 8-15 days
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
Pre-patent period: 11-15 days
Duration of symptoms: 12-20 days
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
Pre-patent period: 14-26 days
Duration of symptoms: 11-16 days
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
Pre-patent period: 3-4 weeks
Duration of symptoms: 18-40 days
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
The time between sporozoite injection and the
appearance of clinical symptoms, typically 8 - 40 days.
(a)
Person who travelled to malaria-endemic area is considered at risk of developing malaria up to (a) years after leaving the area
What is the only absolute clinical feature of malaria?
Diarrhea
Splenomegaly
Paroxysms of fever
Malaise
Classical signs and symptoms regardless of the species exhibit 3 basic symptoms (TRIAD)
Backache
Anemia
Fever & chills
Backache
Splenomegaly
Febrile attacks following the prodromal symptoms
(a)
Stages of classical malarial paroxysms
- Mild shivering turns to violent teeth chattering and shaking of entire body
- Sudden rise of core temperature
- Intense peripheral vasoconstriction
- Patient vomits
- Young children: Febrile convulsions (rigors lasts for 15-60 minutes)
Cold stage
Stage/Flush phase
Sweating stage/Defervescence/Diaphoresis
Stages of classical malarial paroxysms
- Headache
- Palpitations
- Tachypnea
- Epigastric discomfort
- Thirst, nausea and vomiting
- Temperature reach a peak of 41°C
- Lasts from 2-6 hrs
Cold stage
Hot stage/Flush phase
Sweating stage/Defervescence/Diaphoresis
Stages of classical malarial paroxysms
- Patient manifests profuse sweating
- Temperature lowers over the next 2-4 hours
- Symptoms diminish accordingly
Cold stage
Hot stage/Flush phase
Sweating stage/Defervescence/Diaphoresis
Periodicity of Paroxysms
- Total duration of a typical attack
5-10 hrs
6-11 hrs
24 hrs
8-12 hrs
Periodicity of paroxysms
- Length of erythrocytic cycle: 48 hrs (Malignant Tertian)
P. falciparum
P. vivax & ovale
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
Periodicity of paroxysms
- Length of erythrocytic cycle: Alternate days (Benign Tertian)
P. falciparum
P. vivax & ovale
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
Periodicity of paroxysms
- Length of erythrocytic cycle: 72 hrs (Quartan) causing paroxysms on days 1 and 4
P. falciparum
P. vivax & ovale
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
Periodicity of paroxysms
- Length of erythrocytic cycle: Quotidian pattern (Non-relapsing) due to absence of exo-erythrocytic cycle
P. falciparum
P. vivax & ovale
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
Periodicity of paroxysms
In ______, fever spikes then go down to normal temperature then spikes again.
Tertian benign
Tertian malignant
In ________, fever spikes then go down but DOES NOT reach normal temperature (mataas pa rin relatively sa normal temp kahit bumaba yung fever).
Tertian benign
Tertian malignant
Recurrence of paroxysms
- Renewal of parasitemia or clinical features arising from persistent undetectable asexual parasitemia in the absence of exoerythrocytic cycle
- Occurs in P. falciparum (1 yr) and P. malariae (30-40 yrs)
Recrudescence
Relapses
Reinfection
Recurrence of paroxysms
- Renewed asexual parasitemia following a period in which the blood contains no detectable parasites
- Result from reactivation of hypnozoite forms of the parasite in the liver
- Occur in P. ovale and P. vivax
Recrudescence
Relapses
Reinfection
Recurrence of paroxysms
- With different parasites and infection with more than 1 type
- Occurs in areas with high intensity of transmission
Recrudescence
Relapses
Reinfection
