Which element refers to the arrangement of the relative lengths and shortness of notes?

This element is a recurring pattern of accents or stress in the music. This is indicated by a time signature.

Which element refers to the use of chords, usually to support a melody?

The plan of a piece would be referred to as...

This element refers to how many layers or voices are in a piece.

Each instrument/voice has its own distinctive tone colour. This is referred to as...

What is the element that dictates the speed of the music?

The loudness or softness of the music is referred to as...

Who or what is performing the music?

This element of music relates to the tone/key center.