The first caliph was Muhammad's son.

Abu Bakr and the next three caliphs after him were called

Arab warriors believed that dying in battle for Islam earned them a place in Paradise

If you gave in without a fight to the Arabs, they would let you keep your land

Both those who gave in and those who fought had to pay taxes to the Arabs

Check all that apply to the Umayyads.

Check all that apply to the Umayyads.

The smaller group of Muslims was called

The Umayyads were defeated by the

The first 100 years of Abbasid rule was called

The capital city of the Abbasids was

Under the Abbasids, the definition of "Arab" was

A vizier

The descendants of Muslim Arabs who married North Africans were called

The Moors set up a kingdom in

Scholars translated _______writings into Arabic.

The first caliph was Muhammad's

Baghdad was built in the shape of a

Baghdad became one of the major trading centers of the world.