MORPHOLOGY

____ rods

MORPHOLOGY

Actively motile by peritrichous flagella thus producing the

________ phenomenon on solid media.

MORPHOLOGY

- Widespread in the environment

- Normal inhabitants of the human ______ tract

MORPHOLOGY

- Two species commonly produce infections in humans

- Both produce urease, resulting in rapid hydrolysis of urea with liberation of ammonia

MORPHOLOGY

Causes UTI and occasionally other infections

(bloodstream infection, frequently due to UTI) and respiratory tract infections

MORPHOLOGY

More implicated in wound and soft tissue infections

than UTIs

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

Resistant to nitrofurantoin but most often susceptible to penicillins (e.g. ampicillin and amoxicillin), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole

(TMP-SMX), cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and imipenem

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

- Generally, more resistant to antibiotics specifically

ampicillin, amoxicillin, and piperacillin

- Most active antibiotics are aminoglycosides and broad-spectrum cephalosporins

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Majority of Proteus infection in man

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS (P. mirabilis)

Similar to Klebsiella

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS (P. mirabilis)

- Urea > ammonia (NH3) > increase in pH > precipitates Ca2+ and Mg2+ > causing caliculi formation

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Common in debilitated patients or those receiving IV

infusions

- Increase proportionately during or immediately after attacks of diarrheal diseases caused by other organisms

- One of the most common bacteria in soil and water containing decaying organic matter of animal origins

- Usually occurs in large numbers in sewage

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE

Confused with __________ because of its motility and gas

formation during carbohydrate fermentation but distinguished by its antigenic structure

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE

- Most important is the use of Proteus antigen in the diagnosis of ___________ diseases

- Proteus vulgaris strains OX19, OXK, and OX2 share specific polysaccharides with ___________

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE

The OX strains are agglutinated by sera from patients with Rickettsial diseases

PATHOGENICITY

Upon introduction into an unusual habitat other than the GIT, it becomes ____ aggressive and produce infection

CULTURE and BIOCHEM TEST

Produces hydrogen sulfide

CULTURE and BIOCHEM TEST

- Rapid hydrolysis w/ liberation of ammonia and CO2

- Uninoculated control: negative

- P. vulgaris: positive for the urease enzyme (“cerise” color or hot pink)

- Escherichia coli: negative for the urease enzyme

CULTURE and BIOCHEM TEST

Useful for differentiation between the two species

- P. vulgaris is (+)

- P. mirabilis is (-)

CULTURE and BIOCHEM TEST

Proteus is _____ to ferment lactose and _____ to grow in an alkaline pH

CULTURE and BIOCHEM TEST

- Indole Test (-)

- Ornithine Decarboxylase Test (+)

CULTURE and BIOCHEM TEST

- Indole Test (+)

- Ornithine Decarboxylase Test (-)

TREATMENT

- Ampicillin

- Cephalosporins

TREATMENT

- Aminoglycosides

- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)